HPRO 3250 Chapter Notes - Chapter 10: Intrinsic Factor, Collagen, Critical Role

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Vitamins and minerals are not direct sources of energy, but they help generate energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins. Acting as coenzymes, nutrients, such as the b vitamins, assist enzymes in metabolizing nutrients to produce energy. Minerals, such as chromium and iodine, assist with nutrient uptake into cells and with regulating energy production and cell growth. The b vitamins include thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin b6 (pyridoxine), folate, vitamin b12 (cobalamin), pantothenic acid, and biotin. These vitamins primarily act as coenzymes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and protein. They are commonly found in whole grains, enriched breads, enriched ready to eat cereals, meats, dairy products and some fruits and vegetables. B-vitamins toxicity is rare unless a person consumes large doses as supplements. Thiamin deficiency causes beriberi, niacin deficiency causes pellagra, folate deficiency causes macrocytic (large cell) anemia and can lead to neural tube defects in a fetus, and vitamin b12 deficiency leads to pernicious anemia and nervous system damage.

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