BIOB51H3 Lecture Notes - Orangutan, Sperm Competition, Amniote
Document Summary
Lectures 5 & 6: evolutionary analysis 1: evolution: pattern & process, methods of evolutionary analysis, scientific method. Observational study: comparative method, fossil record, modelling (verbal or mathematical, evolution: pattern and process. Process: origin of species, origin / change in traits over many generations & across taxa, history / sequence of change, geological time scales (thousands/millions years) Macroevolution (across major taxonomic group: maintenance / change in traits over few generations, current fitness effects, ecological time scales(generations) Changes in gene frequencies and trait distribution within populations and species. Often involves the study of changes/differences: within populations over time (e. g. effect of drought on darwin"s finches, p. 87-90) Among populations across space (e. g. , mosquito-fish gonopodia, fig 3. 20) Time scale: relatively short period (e. g. , ecological time: 1 or a few generations) Changes that distinguish higher taxonomic groups (e. g. , genera, families, orders etc. ) Involves the study of : large-scale phenotypic changes that differentiate animal taxa (e. g. , wings) phylogenetic patterns (e. g. , evolutionary history or genealogy")