PSYC 241 Chapter Notes - Chapter 3: Social Comparison Theory, Positive Illusions, Name–Letter Effect
23 Jan 2013
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Are there gender and race differences? social and cultural groups differ in their self-esteem. Males showed higher self esteem than females but it was not a significant difference. E. tory higgins: our self-esteem is defined by the match or mismatch between how we see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves: actual self, ought self, and ideal self. Lists of traits can be used to predict self esteem in individuals. Self guides (ought list) are the traits that an individual believes they must possess. If you fall short of these standards you experience low self esteem and by even develop and affective disorder. Discrepancy between your actual self and you ought self leads to guilt, feeling ashamed, and resentful: you may suffer from anxiety-related disorders. Mismatch between your actual self and your ideal self may lead to disappointment, frustration, unfulfilledment and sadness: may even lead to depression. We all have some degree of self discrepancy.
