Foods and Nutrition 1021 Study Guide - Constipation, Catalase, Abdominal Pain

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harlequinshark167

23 Jan 2013

School

Western University

Department

Foods and Nutrition

Course

Foods and Nutrition 1021

Professor

Doug Hazlewood

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Iron is one of the most abundant metals found on earth; it is essential to most. Almost two-thirds of iron in the human body is found in hemoglobin, the. What is iron? life forms and to normal human physiology. In humans, iron is an essential component of proteins involved in oxygen transport. It is also essential for the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Where in our body is iron found? protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to the tissues. Smaller amounts of iron are found in myoglobin, a protein that helps supply oxygen to a muscle, and in enzymes that assist biochemical reactions. Iron is also found in proteins that store iron for future needs and that transport iron in the blood. There are two forms of dietary iron: heme and nonheme. Heme iron is derived from hemoglobin, it is found in animal foods that originally contained hemoglobin, such as red meats, fish and poultry.

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EXPERIMENT 5 Don't Get Stressed in the Lab "What a piece of work is a man! How noble in reason! How infinite in faculty! In form and moving how express and admirable! In action bow like an angel! -Hamlet 2.2 Hamlet's awe of humans is no wonder when one considers the amazingly complex intricacies of life. Chemical interactions are constantly taking place within us, regulating, maintaining, and adapting to change. We exist continually in a delicate state of balance between our internal components and the environment. For example, iron aids in the transport of oxygen to the body, which is essential for life. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which is a protein that is bound to iron. It is the iron that allows an oxygen molecule to attach to the hemoglobin in order to transport oxygen throughout the body. When the body experiences a deficiency in iron, the amount of oxygen being transported to the body is reduced. Therefore, the body is not able to function at full capacity, resulting in shortness of breath, dizziness, etc. This is called iron deficiency anemia. In order to increase the amount of iron in the body, doctors suggest eating foods high in iron, such as eggs and lean meats. However, people suffering with chis disease are also made aware chat the absorption of firon into the body is dependent on the extent to which iron remains soluble. Iron is easily absorbed when present in acidic conditions. Therefore, intake of iron with orange juice that contains ascorbic acid will increase the intake by the body. (The ascorbic acid also keeps iron in the +2 state which is more soluble.) Once enough iron has been taken in by the body an equilibrium is once again reached. The phenomena of chemical equilibrium is taking place all around us.Chemical equilibrium is never static; it is in constant motion. That motion is a balance between the rate of the forward reaction with the rate of the reverse process. This dynamic equilibrium is the result of the chemical reaction simultaneously producing products while also reverting back to reactants at an equal rate. The mol- ecules are constandy changing; therefore, being dynamic; however, being at equilbrium means the concentrations of the products and reactants have stopped changing.

When species combine to produce a coordination complex, the equilibrium constant for the reaction is called is the formation constant, Kf.

For example, the iron(II) ion, Fe2+, can combine with the cyanide ion, CNâ, to form the complex [Fe(CN)6]4â according to the equation

Fe2+(aq)+6CNâ(aq)â[Fe(CN)6]4â(aq)

where Kf=4.21Ã10^45.

This reaction is what makes cyanide so toxic to human beings and other animals. The cyanide ion binds to the iron that red blood cells use to carry oxygen around the body, thus interfering with the blood's ability to deliver oxygen to the tissues. It is this toxicity that has made the use of cyanide in gold mining controversial. Most states now ban the use of cyanide in leaching gold out of low-grade ore.

1. The average human body contains 6.10 L of blood with a Fe2+ concentration of 1.20Ã10^â5M . If a person ingests 12.0 mL of 16.0 mM NaCN, what percentage of iron(II) in the blood would be sequestered by the cyanide ion?

Foods and Nutrition 1021 Study Guide - Constipation, Catalase, Abdominal Pain

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