BIOL 2020U Lecture Notes - Haemophilia, Y Chromosome, Antigen

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grayturtle33

29 Jan 2013

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Mendel"s 2nd law of independent assortment (anaphase i and ii: alleles for one gene segregate independently with the alleles of another gene (ggbb, two genes for each characteristic segregate during gamete production (gb)(gb)(gb)(gb) Independent assortment means either g / g can go with either of b / b: meiosis separates alleles / homologous chromosomes, dihybrid inheritance (two genes - 9:3:3:1 ratio) occurs at different loci. Human abo group is controlled by the immunoglobulin gene i: the immunoglobulin gene has 3 alleles ia, ib, i0, these alleles code for antigen a, b, neither a/b, respectively. Only 2 alleles can be present in a diploid cell iaib is codominant, i0 recessive. Heterozygous allele is neither dominant nor recessive both alleles are expressed. Sex linkage e. g. haemophilia clotting time of blood is longer than usual. Inheritance of sex in humans: females are homogametic sex (x: or xx, males are heterogametic sex (xy) / y chromosome is shorter.

Related Questions

Which of the following is correctly matched?

		Prophase I - Nuclear envelope reforms,nucleolus reappears, spindle apparatus disappears
		Metaphase II - Homologous chromosomes align atthe equator (center) of the cell forming tetrads
		Anaphase II - Sister chromatids are pulled toopposite poles of the cell by contraction of spindle apparatusmicrotubules
		Cytokinesis - Division of the nucleus
		Telophase I - Nuclear envelope fragments,nucleolus disappears, spindle apparatus forms

ivoryspider500

31.????? interphase A. cytoplasm divided between the two daughter cells

32.????? chromosomenumber B. final phase of mitosis; daughter nuclei form

33.????? chromatid C. sum total of chromosomes in all cells of a given

type

34.????? cytokinesis D. chromosomes condense and mitotic spindle

begins to form

35.????? metaphase E. chromosomes line up at spindle equator

36.????? alleles F. sister chromatids separate, move to opposite

spindle poles now

37.????? prophase G. none between meiosis I and II

38.????? telophase H. half of a chromosome in prophase

39. ????? anaphase I. different molecular forms of the same gene

Matching

ultramarineporpoise990

Question 3 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 3 options:

	telophase II
	meiosis II
	telophase I
	anaphase I
	anaphase II

1.	Division, beginning without DNA replication, that resembles and produces four haploid cell.s
2.	Phase of meiosis when chiasmata are broken as spindle fibers shorten and homologous pairs are pulled apart.
3.	Phase of meiosis when sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cells.
4.	Phase of meiosis in which homologues cluster at the poles of the cells and the nuclear envelope reforms.
5.	Phase of meiosis in which four different haploid cells are present.

Question 4 (7 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 4 options:

	G0
	telophase
	G2
	mitosis
	cytokinesis
	cell cycle
	S

1.	The phase in which the cell synthesizes a replica of its genome
2.	The overall process of genome duplication
3.	The phase in the cell cycle during which mitochondria and other organelles replicate.
4.	The phase in mitosis when chromosomes are clustered at opposite poles and the spindle apparatus disappears
5.	A resting state that cells often enter before resuming cell division.
6.	The phase in the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides creating two daughter cells.
7.	The phase in the cell cycle in which the spindle apparatus assembles and sister chromatids move apart.

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Question 5 (6 points)

Put the events of a MAP kinase cascade in the correct order.

Question 5 options:

	MAPKKK phosphorylates and activates another kinase
	MAPKK phosphorylates and activates MAPK
	Binding of MAPKKK to Ras
	External signal binds to membrane receptor and activates receptor kinase.
	MAPK phosphorylates an inactive response protein and activates it.
	Phosphorylation of receptor kinase and interaction with RAS

BIOL 2020U Lecture Notes - Haemophilia, Y Chromosome, Antigen

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