BIO152H5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 16: Aneuploidy, Poly(A)-Binding Protein, Hydrolysis
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After the enzyme rna polymerase binds to a specific site in dna with the help of other proteins, it catalyzes the production of an rna molecule. The base sequence of the rna produced is complementary to the base sequence of the dna template strand. Some sections of an rna are encoded by gene regions called exons, while others are encoded by gene regions called introns. During rna processing, introns are removed and the ends of the. Inside ribosomes, mrnas are translated to proteins via intermediary molecules called transfer. Transfer rnas carry an amino acid and have a three-base-pair anticodon, which binds to a three-base-long mrna codon. The amino acid carried by the transfer rna is then added to the growing protein via formation of a peptide bond. Mutations are random changes in the dna that may or may not produce changes in the phenotype. A cell builds the proteins it needs from instructions encoded in its genome.
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DNA Structure and Function LabReport
- DNA Structure
- Which two scientists are credited with discovering DNA?
- Name the nitrogen bases that are purines.
- Which nitrogen base pairs with thymine?
- List the three components of a nucleotide.
- DNA Replication
- What is the purpose of DNA replication?
- How many times does replication occur in the life of acell?
- In the Lab, Exercise 2, the original strand on the left had thebases shown below. Input the new bases that correctly pair with theoriginal strand.
Original | New |
C | |
A | |
G | |
T |
- RNA Structure
- Describe the structure and function of RNA.
- Refer to Exercise 3 and record the bases of the RNA strandproduced from the replicated DNA strand.
DNA | RNA |
C | |
A | |
G | |
T |
- Record the differences between DNA and RNA in the tablebelow.
DNA | RNA | |
Sugars | ||
Bases | ||
Strands |
- RNA Synthesis
- The process of assembling RNA is called _________.
- How is replication different from transcription?
- Refer to Exercise 4. Write the letters for the base sequence ofmRNA in the spaces below DNA. Note that the order is reversed;start with the 3â end of the DNA strand and the 5â end of the mRNAstrand. Transcription is DNA to mRNA. Note RNA contains Uracilinstead of Thymine; There is no thymine in RNA.
DNA | 3â | C | G | T | C | G | T | C | C | A | A | T | T | 5â |
mRNA | 5â | 3â |
- Protein Synthesis
- What type of RNA provides amino acids to build polypeptidechains?
- If a mRNA strand has the bases 5â CUC 3â, what amino acid willbe translated? Refer to the printable chart in Exercise 5.
- Where in the cell does translation occur?
- Genes
- What could be the problem if there is a change in the basesequence of a gene as it is passed down to the offspring?
- Give an example of a disorder that results from changes in theamino acid sequence.
- What causes sickle cell anemia?
- Gene Cloning
- What is the function of a plasmid?
- Print the document from Lab, Exercise 6. Complete the activityalong with the video demonstration. Sign, date, and take an imageof your final product and include with this lab report.