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MGEA06H3 Lecture Notes - Canadian Dollar, Consumption Function, Exchange Rate

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olivepig122
1 Feb 2013
School
UTSC
Department
Economics for Management Studies
Course
MGEA06H3
Professor
Iris Au

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MGEA06H3 Full Course Notes
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MGEA06H3 Full Course Notes
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Document Summary

Chapter 22: adding government and trade to the short-run model. The government enters the model in the 3 ways: Spending on final goods and services (g) it is the government expenditure on final goods and services, we assume g is an autonomous variable (the value is fixed and given). If there is a change in government spending we call it a shock, a change in fiscal policies. Making transfer payments (tr) is inversely related to income. Budget balance (bb) = t tr g = sg. If sg < 0, then the government runs a budget deficit. If sg > 0, then the government runs a budget surplus. If sg = 0, then the government runs a balanced budget. Note: the budget balance and public saving (sg) are two sides of the same coin. When an economy trades with foreign countries, this economy is an open economy.

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Related Questions

1. Assume an economy with a Household Sector and a Business Sector. Household spending is given by C= 400 + 0.9Qd. Since there is no public sector, Qd = Q. Business sector spending is given as I = 1300. Determine the level of Autonomous Spending, the Spending Multiplier, GDP (Q), Consumption Spending (C) and Household Savings.

2. Now add a Foreign Sector where Exports are X = 1000 and Imports are Im = 500 + 0.1Q. Determine the level of Autonomous Spending, the Spending Multiplier, GDP (Q), Imports, Net Exports, Consumption Spending (C) and Household Savings.

3. Now add a public sector where Government Purchases are G = 2000, Transfer Payments are Tr = 2500 and Taxes are Tx = 500 + (1/3)Q. With the public sector Disposable Income is Qd = Q - Tx + Tr. Determine the level of Autonomous Spending, the Spending Multiplier, GDP (Q), Imports, Net Exports, Taxes, Disposable Income, Consumption Spending (C), Household Savings and the Deficit.

Please explain what each equation represents in the answer.

The Modified Keynesian Model

Y = C + I + G + X – IM … equilibrium condition in a 4-sector model where:

C = 150 + 0.9DI … consumption function

I = 50 … autonomous investment

G = 100 … autonomous government spending

X = 200 … autonomous exports

IM = 100 … autonomous imports

And also:

DI = Y – T + Tr T = 0 … autonomous taxes

Tr = 0 … autonomous transfer payments

YF = 5000 … full-employment Y

1. Solve for the equilibrium level of real output/income (Y*) in this economy.

2. Given the model above, net exports equal $________. Does this represent a trade deficit or trade surplus?

3. Given the model above, the federal budget has a (deficit/surplus) equal to $________.

4. What is the value of the MPC? … the value of the MPS?

5. Calculate the “oversimplified” expenditure multiplier.

6. Suppose that full-employment (YF) equals $5000. Is there a recessionary or inflationary output gap?

7. (Refer to question “6”.) How much is the gap equal to?

8. Suppose the government chooses to eliminate the gap by using expansionary fiscal policy (i.e., increasing G). Given the numbers above, by how much would government spending (G) need to increase to achieve the goal of full-employment?

9. Suppose instead that the government decided to lower taxes to eliminate the output gap in question “6”. How much would taxes need to fall to achieve the goal of full-employment?

10. Which action (raising G or lowering T) has the largest effect on the federal budget deficit and the national debt?

11. Suppose the national debt equaled $6000 before the tax cut (refer to question “9”). What would be the value of the national debt after this policy action?

Consider an economy in which taxes, planned investment, government spending on goods and services, and net exports are autonomous, but consumption and planned investment change as the interest rate changes. You are given the following information concerning autonomous consumption, the marginal propensity to consume, planned investment, government purchases of goods and services, and net exports:

Ca = 1,500 - 10r c = 0.6 Ip = 2,400 - 50r G = 2,000 T = 1,800 NX = -200

a. Compute the value of the marginal propensity to save.

b. Compute the amount of autonomous planned spending, Ap, given that the interest rate equals 5.

c. Compute the equilibrium level of income, given that the interest rate equals 5.

d. Suppose that autonomous consumption changes by 4 percent of any change in household wealth and that the decline in the housing market in 2006-07 and drop in the stock market in the summer of 2007 reduces household wealth by $750 billion. Compute the decrease in autonomous consumption that results from the decline in household wealth.

e. Calculate the new amount of autonomous planned spending, Ap, and the new equilibrium level of income, given that the interest rate equals 5.

f. Using your answers to parts c-e, compute the value of the multiplier.