BIOL 2P94 Lecture Notes - Lateral Funiculus, Neuroglia, Crista Ampullaris

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Ultimately, we move because there"s some sensory state that"s more rewarding than the present. Cervical spinal cord nerves control breathing, head/neck movement, heart rate, and upper limb. Thoracic spinal cord nerves control sympathetic tone, temperature regulation and trunk stability. Lumbar spinal cord nerves control ejaculation, hip/knee/foot movement. Sacral spinal cord nerves control penile erection and bowel/bladder activity. Generally in the spinal cord, sensory stuff is dorsal, motor stuff is ventral. With spinal cord injury, only a small region is damaged. Hemorrhaging causes swelling and pressure on healthy neurons. Also, injured neurons release lots of glutamate and you get excitotoxicity. A cyst from swelling and glutamate kill myelin producing cells below the level of the injury, and soon you get demyelination and a wall of glial cells forms preventing regrowth. Just below this are motor neurons to triceps, so you tend to be unable to extend the arm, though you may be able to flex it.

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