BIOL 201 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Signal Recognition Particle, Start Codon, Eukaryotic Translation

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Eukaryotic mrna that has been processed and transported to the cytoplasm (i. e. , mature mrna) can then be translated by the ribosome. Translation may occur at ribosomes free-floating in the cytoplasm, or directed to the endoplasmic reticulum by the signal recognition particle. Therefore, unlike in prokaryotes, eukaryotic translation is not directly coupled to transcription. The 5" cap is a modified guanine nucleotide added to the front (5" end) of the pre-mrna using a 5"-5"-triphosphate linkage. This modification is critical for recognition and proper attachment of mrna to the ribosome, as well as protection from 5" exonucleases. It may also be important for other essential processes, such as splicing and transport. Coding regions are composed of codons, which are decoded and translated (in eukaryotes usually into one and in prokaryotes usually into several) into proteins by the ribosome. Coding regions begin with the start codon and end with a stop codon.

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