[MCB 3020] - Midterm Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (155 pages long)

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7 Feb 2017
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Bacterial endospore is one color and vegetative cell is a different color. Capsule stain used to visualize polysaccharide capsules surrounding bacteria. Negative stain - capsules may be colorless against a stained background. Mordant applied to increase thickness of flagella. Electron microscopy: scanning & transmission: electron microscopy. Electro(cid:374)s repla(cid:272)e light as the (cid:858)illu(cid:373)i(cid:374)ati(cid:374)g(cid:859) (cid:271)ea(cid:373) Wavelength of electron beam is much shorter than light, resulting in much higher resolution. Allows for study of microbial morphology in great detail. Specimens are chemically fixed and stained with electron dense materials, such as heavy metals, that differentially scatter electrons. Heavy metals do not penetrate the specimen but render dark background. Used for study of viruses, bacterial gas vacuoles: shadowing. Coating specimen with a thin film of a heavy metal on only one side. Freeze-etching freeze specimen then fracture along lines of greatest weakness (e. g. , membranes: allows for 3-d observation of shapes of intracellular structures, reduces artifacts. Step 2: dyes and simple staining: dyes.

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