PS363 Lecture Notes - Neural Crest, Neural Tube, Cerebral Cortex
Document Summary
Formation of the neural tube: embryo begins as a flat disk with three distinct layers of cells called the endoderm, mesoderm and the ectoderm. The endoderm gives rise to the lining of many of the internal organs (viscera) The mesoderm arise the bones of the skeleton and the muscles. The nervous system and the skin derive entirely from the ectoderm. The ectoderm gives rise to the nervous system: the neural plate: at about 17 days from conception (in humans), the brain consists only of a flat sheet of cells. Next is the formation of a grove in the neural plate that runs rostral to caudal neural groove. The walls of the groove are called the neural folds: the move and fuse together to form the neural tube, the entire nervous system develops from the walls of the neural tube. The mesoderm at this stage forms prominent bulges on either side of the neural tube called somites.
