PSYC 1101 Lecture Notes - Syphilis, Confounding, Nocebo
Document Summary
Lobotomies: subject to confirmation bias; no valid research design. Shortcuts that help us streamline our thinking and make sense of our world. Heuristics can, however, oversimplify the world in some cases. Availability heuristic: off the top of my head , we estimate the likelihood of an occurrence based on the ease with which it comes to our minds. Confirmation bias: tendency to ignore evidence that might contradict a hypothesis. Hindsight bias: tendency to overestimate how well we could have successfully forecasted a known outcome. Overconfidence: tendency to overestimate our ability to make correct predictions. Studying behavior in real-world settings without trying to manipulate people"s behavior. High in external validity: generalizations can be made. Low in internal validity: cannot make cause-and-effect inferences. Researchers examine one person or a small group of people over an extended period of time. Existence proofs: demonstrations that a psychological phenomenon can occur.
