BIOL 425 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Coeliac Disease, Prolyl Endopeptidase, Lactose Intolerance
Document Summary
Enzyme production (transcription and translation of enzyme genes) can be enhanced or diminished by a cell in response to changes in the cell"s environment. This form of gene regulation is called enzyme induction and inhibition. For example, bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics such as penicillin because enzymes called beta-lactamases are induced that hydrolyze the crucial beta-lactam ring within the penicillin molecule. Another example are enzymes in the liver called cytochrome p450 oxidases, which are important in drug metabolism. Induction or inhibition of these enzymes can cause drug interactions. enzymes can be compartmentalized, with different metabolic pathways occurring in different cellular compartments. For example, fatty acids are synthesized by one set of enzymes in the cytosol,endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi apparatus and used by a different set of enzymes as a source of energy in the mitochondrion, through -oxidation. Enzymes can be regulated by inhibitors and activators.
