UNI101Y1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Potato Pancake, Thermocline, Hypolimnion

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Coldest water at surface, warmer water (max. B/c density of water increases btn the freezing point and 4 c. In early spring, lake surface warmed gradually by the sun. Warmed surface water sinks below until temp. exceeds 4 c. This vertical mixing distributes heat throughout the water. At the same time, winds drive surface currents that can cause deep water to rise (similarly to upwelling currents) This sspprriinngg oovveerrttuurrnn brings nutrients from the bottom sediments to the surface and oxygen to the depths. In late spring/early summer (sun rises higher and air above lake warms up), surface layers gain heat faster than the deeper layers. Creates a tthheerrmmoocclliinnee, a zone of abrupt temperature change at intermediate depth. Once established, water doesn"t move across it b/c of stratification. Ssttrraattiiffiiccaattiioonn is a condition where warmer, less dense surface water literally floats on the cooler, denser water below.

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