ADMS 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: North American Free Trade Agreement, Rei

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salmonwasp752

19 Feb 2013

School

York University

Department

Administrative Studies

Course

ADMS 1000

Professor

Eytan Lasry

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ADMS 1000 Full Course Notes

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Rei: an economic arrangement between different regions marked by the reduction or elimination of trade barriers and the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. The aim of economic integration is to reduce costs for both consumers and producers, as well as to increase trade between the countries taking part in the agreement. Regional integration can happen at different levels of intensity: free trade area: involves removal of tariffs and non-tariff trade barriers on goods and services traded internationally among member countries. Lowest form of regional economic integration: customs union: involves the removal of trade barriers on goods and services traded internationally among member countries. Greater degree of regional economic integration: common market: includes the removal of trade barriers and implementation of a common trade policy. Builds on the previous two forms: economic union: builds on the previous three forms. In addition to the previous three, it also includes a coordination of economic policies among the member countries.

Related Questions

Which of the following is NOT criteria for member nations to use the euro as outlined in the Maastricht Treaty?

A. Specific interest rates

B. A specific level of inflation

C. A lack of price transparency

D. A specified level of debt

E. A specified level of government deficit

Which of the following statements does not describe the African Union (AU)?

A.The AU envisions a united and strong Africa.

B. The aim of the AU is to remove vestiges of colonialism and apartheid.

C. The AU aims to continue the policies of colonialism.

D. The AU aims to intensify cooperation for development.

E. On the African continent, 53 nations created the African Union (AU).

Which of the following is NOT a positive effect of regional trade agreements?

A. Corporate savings

B. Trade diversion

C. Employment opportunities

D. Political cooperation

E. Trade creation

Which of the following is NOT a fact about ASEAN that warrants consideration?

A. Corruption and shadow markets

B. Economic competition

C. Political change and turmoil

D. Diverse cultures and politics

E. Common tariffs and standards

Which of the following statements about ASEAN is FALSE?

A. ASEAN consists of five countries.

B. ASEAN seeks to promote economic, cultural, and social development.

C. ASEAN was formed in 1967.

D. ASEAN serves as a forum to resolve differences peacefully.

E. ASEAN seeks to counter China's rising strength, resources of cheap labor, and abundant raw materials.

Which of the following is NOT a provision of NAFTA?

A. Adding new countries to the European Union

B. Liberalized rules for the granting of subsidies

C. Liberalized rules regarding government procurement practices

D. Elimination of tariffs in North America

E. Trade in services, intellectual property rights, and standards of health, safety, and the environment

Which of the following is NOT a negative effect of regional trade agreements?

A. Political cooperation

B. Employment shifts

C. Trade diversion

D. Loss of national sovereignty

E. Cultural homogenization

Which of the following is NOT an effect off NAFTA?

A. The United States exports more to Mexico.

B. NAFTA has created jobs in the United States.

C. Mexico's exports to the United States have increased.

D. The United States has developed a trade deficit with Canada and Mexico.

E. Trade among Canada, the United States, and Mexico has increased.

Which of the following is NOT a main regional trading bloc?

A. North American Free Trade Agreement

B. United Nations

C. European Union

D. Association of Southeast Nations

E. Southern Common Market

orangeporpoise713

The difference between a free trade area and a customs union is, in brief, that the first is politically straightforward but an administrative headache, while the second is just the opposite.

Consider first the case of a customs union. Once such a union is established, tariff administration is relatively easy: Goods must pay tariffs when they cross the border of the union, but from then on can be shipped freely between countries. A cargo that is unloaded at Marseilles or Rotterdam must pay duties there, but will not face any additional charges if it then goes by truck to Munich.

To make this simple system work, however, the countries must agree on tariff rates: The duty must be the same whether the cargo is unloaded at Marseilles, Rotterdam, or for that matter Hamburg because otherwise, importers would choose the point of entry that minimized their fees. So a customs union requires that Germany, France, the Netherlands, and all the other countries agree to charge the same tariffs. This is not easily done: Countries are, in effect, ceding part of their sovereignty to a supranational entity, the European Union.

This has been possible in Europe for a variety of reasons, including the belief that economic unity would help cement the post-war political alliance between European democracies.

But elsewhere these conditions are lacking. The three nations that formed NAFTA would find it very difficult to cede control over tariffs to any supranational body; if nothing else, it would be hard to devise an arrangement that would give due weight to U.S. interests without effectively allowing the United States to dictate trade policy to Canada and Mexico. NAFTA, therefore, while it permits Mexican goods to enter the United States without tariffs and vice versa, does not require that Mexico and the United States adopt a common external tariff on goods they import from other countries.

This, however, raises a different problem. Under NAFTA, a shirt made by Mexican workers can be brought into the United States freely. But suppose that the United States wants to maintain high tariffs on shirts imported from other countries, while Mexico does not impose similar tariffs. What is to prevent someone from shipping a shirt from, say, Bangladesh to Mexico, then putting it on a truck bound for Chicago?

The answer is that even though the United States and Mexico may have free trade, goods shipped from Mexico to the United States must still pass through a customs inspection. And they can enter the United States without duty only if they have documents providing that they are in fact Mexican goods, not trans-shipped imports from third countries.

But what is a Mexican shirt? If a shirt comes from Bangladesh, but Mexicans sew on the buttons, does that make it Mexican? Probably not. But if everything except the button were made in Mexico, it probably should be considered Mexican. The point is that administering a free trade area that is not a customs union requires not only that the countries continue to check goods at the border, but that they specify an elaborate set of ârules of originâ that determine whether a good is eligible to cross the border without paying a tariff.

As a result, free trade agreements like NAFTA impose a large burden of paperwork, which may be a significant obstacle to trade even when such trade is in principle free.

Question:

1. From this case, what is the main difference between a free-trade area and a customs union?

2. Why are rules of origin needed for a free-trade area? How might they be protectionist?

pearbuffalo387

The largest corporation based in the United States is:

A) General Motors.
B) ExxonMobil.
C) General Electric.
D) Microsoft.

Service exports from the United States equal _____ per year.

A) less than $100 billion
B) approximately $250 billion
C) less than $350 billion
D) approximately $500 billion

In addition to agricultural products and manufactured goods, the United States is also the world's largest exporter of:

A) processed and packaged foods.
B) pharmaceuticals.
C) electronics.
D) business services and retailing.

Before entering a country, marketers need to determine if the country has the required _____ to support their marketing efforts.

A) moral code
B) legal system
C) infrastructure
D) trade bodies

In order for a marketer to operate efficiently in a foreign country, it is crucial that a stable _____ be in place to facilitate trade.

A) free trade agreement
B) tariff
C) infrastructure
D) labor force

Which of the following is not a trade barrier to an exporter?

A) Tariffs
B) Import quotas
C) Subsidies
D) Related party trade

A complete ban on the import of a product is known as a(n):

A) import quota.
B) embargo.
C) revenue tariff.
D) protective tariff.

Exchange control is an administrative barrier to international trade that:

A) requires companies that export to sell foreign currencies to the central bank or other foreign agency, and importers to buy foreign currencies from the same organization.
B) supports domestic industry through grants of money or research support.
C) completely bans the importation of a product.
D) sells products in a foreign market cheaper than they are sold domestically.

When a group of nations agree to the free trade of goods among themselves by abolishing tariffs and trade restrictions, the nations have created a:

A) common market.
B) customs union.
C) trading block.
D) free-trade area.

10.

Which of the following is not an objective of the European Union(EU)?

A) eventually remove all trade barriers to free trade among its members.
B) standardize currencies and regulations between member nations.
C) promote the basic tenets of the WTO and GATT treaty.
D) eventually evolve into an independent political entity.

11.

An organization that provides first-time exporters with expertise in locating foreign buyers, handling paperwork, and conforming to local labeling and testing laws is called a(n):

A) export facilitator.
B) export title company.
C) trade assistance corporation.
D) export management company.

12.

McDonald

ivoryturtle973

ADMS 1000 Chapter Notes - Chapter 6: North American Free Trade Agreement, Rei

ADMS 1000 Full Course Notes

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