BIOL 1020U Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Phylogenetic Tree, Antimicrobial Resistance, Genetic Recombination

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26 Feb 2013

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Chapter 26 phylogeny & the tree of life. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species or a group of related species. The discipline of systematics classifies organisms and determines their evolutionary relationships. Systematists use fossil, molecular, and genetic data to infer evolutionary relationships. Taxonomy is the ordered division and naming of organisms. What we can and cannot learn from phylogenetic trees: phylogenetic trees do show patterns of descent, phylogenetic trees do not indicate when species evolved how much genetic change occurred in a lineage. It shouldn"t be assumed that a taxon evolved from the taxon next to it. Concept 26. 2 phylogenies are inferred from morphological and molecular data. To infer phylogenies, systematists gather information about morphologies, genes, and biochemistry of living organisms. Morphological and molecular homologies: organisms with similar morphologies or dna sequences are likely to be more closely related than organisms with different structures or sequences.

Related Questions

Random, chance events that change allele frequencies are knownas:

A. Gene flow

B. Genetic drift

C. Natural selection

D. Balancing selection

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Question 21 pts

What type of selection acts to maintain the two extremephenotypic variants in a population?

A. Disruptive selection

B. Directional selection

C. Positive selection

D. Artificial selection

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Question 31 pts

Approximately, how much of our DNA is shared with our closestrelatives, chimpanzees?

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Question 41 pts

The large canines of male baboons are likely the result of________, while the fact that some male baboons are very colorfulis probably the result of _______.

A. Mutation; balancing selection

B. Gene flow; sexual dimorphism

C. Male competition; female choice

D. Mate choice; genetic drift

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Question 51 pts

Negative assortative mating results in an increased frequency ofhomozygous genotypes within a population.

True

False

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Question 61 pts

Genetic evidence suggests that humans and Neandertals neverinterbred.

True

False

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Question 71 pts

The specific variant of the FOXP2 gene associated with languageacquisition in humans is found in both humans and Neandertals.

True

False

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Question 81 pts

Industrial melanism describes the change in moth color from paleto dark after pollution from factories resulted in coating treetrunks with a layer of dark soot. Which statement is trueconcerning industrial melanism?

A. After pollution levels increased, all moths became darkercolored because soot got on their wings

B. The dark moths survived better after pollution levelsincreased because they were not poisoned by the pollutants

C. Individual moths changed their color in response to thepollution

D. Dark moths were present in the population before pollutionlevels increased

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Question 91 pts

Patterns of evolution can be seen above the species level

True

False

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Question 101 pts

Inbreeding is problematic because it increases the probabilitythat offspring inherit two copies of a recessive mutation thatcauses disease.