BIOL 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Alu Element, Halteres, Messenger Rna

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Gene regulation: which genes are transcribed into messenger rna, which transcripts are translated into proteins, and which proteins are activated, are the result of interactions that often begin with signals that initiate different genetic regulatory pathways or networks. Mutations do very bad things to the individual for the most part, but occasionally a mutation occurs which confers some sort of advantage given with respect to the particular environment you are placed in. In gene regulation, we are talking about dna mutations; specifically the place where the gene is turned on or turned off. Epigenetics are changes that don"t change the dna. Tinkering: most of evolution is through mutations in this complex regulation of the genes. Hox genes: are regulatory genes that act during to impart identity to regions along the body axis, they determine during development, where paired wings form, where legs develop, how flower parts are arranged, conserved across the animal kingdom.

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