BIOL 215 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Chlamydomonas, Oogamy, Rhizaria

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The consequences of o2 production includes: allowed for the evolution of a new type of metabolism - aerobic metabolism: greater energy yield per mol of c substrate consumed. In phanerozoic period, the increased fluctuation of oxygen in the environment allowed for the evolution of larger animals. Origins of eucaryotes: cells existing prior to 1. 8 (2. 7) bya were all prokaryotes: bacteria and archaea, eukaryotes appear in the fossil record ca. 1. 8 bya: chemical markers (steranes) produced only by eukaryotes are detected in rocks (roughly 2. 7 bya, how did eucaryotes differ, prokaryotes have no nucleus, organelles, or microtubules and have 70s ribosomes. They have an outer cell wall composed of peptidoglycan (bacteria, but not archaea). They are generally small, <2 micrometer in diameter: eukaryotes were much larger (100-1000x larger in size), have a nucleus, have lots of organelles and microtubules. Secondary endosymbiosis: in 2 groups of protists, we can still see the evidence of a second endosymbiotic event.

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