Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Autotroph, Ribozyme, Rubisco
15 Mar 2013
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Lecture 11: intro to prokaryotic gene structure: relative sizes of typical mitochondrial, chloroplast and nuclear genomes. Many genes makes same protein for back up. Maybe not all are protein coding genes (e. g. code for rrna. trna, mrna: rubisco structure and assembly from components coded by different genomes. Small subunits made by nucleus and brought into chloroplast: possible reasons why modern organelle genomes have become dramatically smaller over evolutionary time. Lost in mitochondria since nucleus is taking over. Doesn"t need that gene to function anymore: redundant genes, glycolysis cytosolic genes such as hexokinase are in nucleus, flagella (don"t need mitochondria swimming around, hosts in which their mitochondria has suffered a mutation has lost redundant genes. Get rid of genes by dumping them or through lateral gene transfer: possible reasons why genes have moved to the nucleus from organelles over evolutionary time. Mitochondria"s etc produce ros: genes not safely stored.
