PSYCH257 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: External Validity, The Control Group, Internal Validity

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*internal validity confidence that effects are due to the independent variable. *external validity extent to which the findings are generalizable. *ways to increase internal validity by minimizing confounds. Factors that can limit a pearson"s correlation coefficient ( r ) *why it is not possible to infer causality from a correlation: directionality. *statistical attempt to overcome the directionality problem: cross-lagged panel correlation. *take two sets of correlations separated by a time interval. Statistical attempt to overcome the 3rd variable problem: partial correlations. *an experiment is a research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulation"s effect on another variable is observed. *causal relationships can only be determined through experiments. *researchers must eliminate all confounds those variables other than the independent variable that may also be affecting the dependent variable. *to avoid bias by the participant, experimenters employ a blind design, in which participants are kept from knowing what condition of the study (experimental or control) they are in.

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