PSY220H1 Chapter Notes - Chapter 13: Construals, White Noise, Social Rejection

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Hostile aggression is motivated by anger and hostility, having the primary aim of harming others, either physically or psychologically. Instrumental aggression is behavior intended to achieve some goal. Heat: heat affects levels of violence. Hotter cities have higher rates of violent crime, and more violence occurs during hot months than during cool months. Media: media violence has been shown to cause violence and aggression in real life. More violent tv at age 8, more crime by 30: violent video games also increase the likelihood of violence, study. Social rejection is a powerful elicitor of aggressive tendencies: columbine, evolutionarily meant death sentence, trigger same responses as pain, study: noise blast and imagined alone future correlation o. According to the frustration-aggression hypothesis, when attempts at achieving goals are blocked, aggression ensues. Learned helplessness: passive and depressed responses that individuals show when their goals are blocked and they feel that they have no control over their outcomes.

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