ECON 2400 Lecture Notes - Lecture 21: Redistribution Of Income And Wealth, Real Change, Weighted Arithmetic Mean
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20 Apr 2017
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As exports were less than imports in 2011, the united states ran a trade deficit in goods and services with the rest of the world that is, net exports were negative. Exports were 13. 8% of gdp in 2011 while imports were 17. 7% of gdp. Trade with the rest of the world in goods and services, therefore, is quite important to the u. s. economy. Government expenditures, which consist of expenditures by federal, state, and local governments on final goods and services, were 20. 1% of gdp in 2011. The main components of government expenditures are federal defense spending (5. 5% of gdp in 2011), federal nondefense spending (2. 7% of gdp in 2011), and state and local spending (11. 9% of gdp in 2011). The nipa also make the important distinction between government consumption and government gross investment, just as we distinguish between private consumption and private investment.
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Table 1.1.5. Gross Domestic Product | |||||
Line | 2015 | 2016 | |||
III | IV | I | II | ||
1 | Gross domestic product | 18141.9 | 18222.8 | 18281.6 | 18436.5 |
2 | Personal consumption expenditures | 12356.9 | 12438.8 | 12498 | 12695.1 |
3 | Goods | 4043 | 4038.1 | 4008.7 | 4086 |
4 | Durable goods | 1364.7 | 1371.8 | 1366.6 | 1390.4 |
5 | Nondurable goods | 2678.4 | 2666.3 | 2642 | 2695.6 |
6 | Services | 8313.9 | 8400.6 | 8489.3 | 8609 |
7 | Gross private domestic investment | 3072.1 | 3059.9 | 3036.8 | 2973.6 |
8 | Fixed investment | 2995.3 | 2997.2 | 2994.8 | 2992.2 |
9 | Nonresidential | 2331.5 | 2311.3 | 2292.4 | 2294 |
10 | Structures | 508.5 | 487.8 | 486 | 479.3 |
11 | Equipment | 1099.7 | 1092.6 | 1066.3 | 1056.6 |
12 | Intellectual property products | 723.3 | 730.9 | 740.1 | 758.2 |
13 | Residential | 663.8 | 685.9 | 702.4 | 698.2 |
14 | Change in private inventories | 76.8 | 62.7 | 41.9 | -18.6 |
15 | Net exports of goods and services | -523.4 | -520.9 | -507.4 | -495.5 |
16 | Exports | 2259.1 | 2211.7 | 2179 | 2206.8 |
17 | Goods | 1495.6 | 1448.3 | 1410.9 | 1437.8 |
18 | Services | 763.5 | 763.4 | 768.1 | 769 |
19 | Imports | 2782.5 | 2732.6 | 2686.3 | 2702.3 |
20 | Goods | 2284.1 | 2235 | 2185.7 | 2199.1 |
21 | Services | 498.4 | 497.7 | 500.7 | 503.2 |
22 | Government consumption expenditures and gross investment | 3236.3 | 3245 | 3254.3 | 3263.4 |
23 | Federal | 1225 | 1234 | 1233.8 | 1239.2 |
24 | National defense | 729.3 | 735.6 | 731.4 | 729.3 |
25 | Nondefense | 495.7 | 498.4 | 502.4 | 509.9 |
26 | State and local | 2011.3 | 2011 | 2020.5 | 2024.1 |
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Table 1.1.6. Real Gross Domestic +A1:F26Product, Chained Dollars | |||||
Line | 2015 | 2016 | |||
III | IV | I | II | ||
1 | Gross domestic product | 16454.9 | 16490.7 | 16525 | 16570.2 |
2 | Personal consumption expenditures | 11255.9 | 11319.3 | 11365.2 | 11487.4 |
3 | Goods | 3932.6 | 3953.4 | 3964.7 | 4033.4 |
4 | Durable goods | 1512.4 | 1527.3 | 1524.9 | 1561.3 |
5 | Nondurable goods | 2451.3 | 2458.4 | 2471.1 | 2505.6 |
6 | Services | 7327.2 | 7369.8 | 7403.9 | 7460.5 |
7 | Gross private domestic investment | 2882.2 | 2865.4 | 2841.5 | 2769.9 |
8 | Fixed investment | 2794.5 | 2793.3 | 2786.7 | 2769 |
9 | Nonresidential | 2217.5 | 2198.8 | 2179.7 | 2174.8 |
10 | Structures | 453.4 | 435.1 | 435.2 | 425.8 |
11 | Equipment | 1085.7 | 1078.6 | 1052 | 1042 |
12 | Intellectual property products | 683.1 | 690.7 | 697.1 | 711.7 |
13 | Residential | 573.7 | 589.5 | 600.7 | 588.8 |
14 | Change in private inventories | 70.9 | 56.9 | 40.7 | -12.4 |
15 | Net exports of goods and services | -547.1 | -566.6 | -566.3 | -562 |
16 | Exports | 2120.4 | 2105.8 | 2102 | 2108.1 |
17 | Goods | 1440.7 | 1423.8 | 1424.1 | 1430.3 |
18 | Services | 679.3 | 681.1 | 677.3 | 677.4 |
19 | Imports | 2667.6 | 2672.4 | 2668.2 | 2670.1 |
20 | Goods | 2197.4 | 2201.4 | 2194.1 | 2194.3 |
21 | Services | 468.2 | 469 | 471.9 | 473.6 |
22 | Government consumption expenditures and gross investment | 2894.4 | 2901.7 | 2913.2 | 2902.1 |
23 | Federal | 1112.7 | 1123 | 1118.7 | 1117.8 |
24 | National defense | 669 | 676.3 | 670.9 | 665.7 |
25 | Nondefense | 443.1 | 446.2 | 447.2 | 451.4 |
26 | State and local | 1779.9 | 1777.1 | 1792.6 | 1782.6 |
27 | Residual | -49.2 | -49.6 | -46.5 | -52.6 |
1.Why was the nominal GDP greater than real GDP in each of those quarters?
2.What was the percentage change in Nominal GDP for the most recent quarter compared to the previous quarter? What was the percentage change in real GDP for the two quarters?
3.What accounts for the difference in the two percentages?