Biology 1001A Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Organelle, Cytoskeleton, Cell Plate

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Chromosome segregation: equal distribution of daughter chromosomes to each of the two cells that result from cell division: phases and main characteristics of the cell cycle. G1- cell carries out its function; makes rna, proteins, molecules; growth. S phase- dna replication and chromosome duplication occur; continues synthesis. G2- gap in cell cycle where growth continues; cell prepares for mitosis and cytokinesis; Mitosis is the shortest phase: stages of mitosis and changes in amount of dna. Chromosomes begin to condense; appear as thing threads. Nuclear envelope breaks down at the end. Spindle microtubules grow from centrosomes towards centre and grab onto chromosomes. Chromosome made up of two sister chromatids held together at centromeres. Kinetochore- consists of proteins; attached to centromere; mediates attachment and movement of chromosomes along mitotic spindle. Spindle fibres move chromosomes into alignment in the middle (metaphase plate) This arrangement forms the karyotype of a species. Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

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