BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Glycogen, Ion Channel, Salami

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BIOL 112 Full Course Notes

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The end product of glycolysis is pyruvate (this occurs in the cytosol). Then, pyruvate is oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix to acetyl-coenzyme a. Acetyl-coa: c-s is a high-energy bond , so acetyl-coa is an energy carrier like atp; it allows transfer of that 2-carbon group to another molecule at the start of the citric acid cycle. This high- energy bond can again be generated by the large amount of free energy released by the pyruvate/nad+ redox reaction. Acetyl-coa is a key molecule in metabolism, because sugars, fats and many amino acids are all broken down to acetyl-coa, and acetyl-coa also serves as the building block for making fats and other metabolites. The pyruvate move to the mitochondria matrix where it gets oxidized and then goes into the citric acid cycle (crebbs cycle) in the mitochondria matrix still. Citric acid cycle: it is there to finish the oxidation of glucose by converting the 2- carbon compound acetyl-coa to 2 co2.

Related Questions

Select all of the following statements that are true concerning the citric acid cycle:

______________________

__	NAD+ an FAD become reduced.

__	High-energy carbon dioxide molecules will be generated by substrate-level phosphorylation.

__	ATP is synthesized by chemiosmosis.

__	The organic carbon (from acetyl CoA) that enters the cycle will be completely oxidized in the mitochondrial matrix.

__	Citrate must be continuously regenerated to prepare the cycle to process incoming acetyl CoA.

__	Upon entry into the citric acid cycle, acetyl CoA is combined with oxaloacetate.

__	Two ATP molecules will be consumed for each acetyl CoA that is processed by the cycle.

__	Organic molecules are oxidized in several different steps of the cycle.

1) In Eukaryotic cells, Glycolysis occurs in the __________,Pyruvate Oxidation and the Citric Acid Cycle occur in the ________,and the electron transport chain is in the _____________.

a) Mitochondrial matrix; Mitochrondrial inner membrane;Cytoplasm

b) Cytoplasm; Mitochrondrial inner membrane; Mitochondiralmatrix

c) Mitochrondrial inner membrane; Cytoplasm; Mitochondrialmatrix

d) Cytoplasm; Mitochondrial matrix; Mitochrondrial innermembrane

e) Mitochrondrial inner membrane; Mitochondrial Matrix;Cytoplasm

2) We can detect tyrosinase among thousands of other proteins ina mushroom extract (in a solution or in-gel) because:

a) Its bigger than other proteins

b) Its smaller than other proteins

c) Its more charged than other proteins

d) It reacts with a specific substrate to produce a coloredproduct

e) It converts a specific colored substrate to a colorlessproduct

3) The highest energy carrier (transfer molecule) in cellsis:

a) NADH

b) FADH2

c) ATP

d) GTP

e) Acetyl- coA

amaranthimpala502

1. Choose the TWO correct statements describing the citrate cycle.

	ATP is an indirect product of the citric acid cycle
	Acetyl CoA can increase the pool of citric acid cycle intermediates
	Fatty acids can increase the pool of citric acid cycle intermediates
	ADP inhibits Î±-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
	The pool of mitochondrial oxaloacetate can be increased by pyruvate
	All enzymes of the citric acid cycle are found soluble and free in the mitochondrial matrix

2.Which molecule in the net reaction of the citrate cycle contributes to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

	NADH
	H⁺
	H₂O
	FAD

3. How would a high NADH to NAD⁺ ratio be expected to affect the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction?

	The E1 subunit is phosphorylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, and the catalytic activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase decreases.
	The last step of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction is blocked, resulting in a decrease in activity.
	The pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase-1 enzyme would increase, resulting in pyruvate dehydrogenase activation at an accelerated rate.
	The pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase enzyme activity would increase, resulting in an increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity.

BIOL 112 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Glycogen, Ion Channel, Salami

BIOL 112 Full Course Notes

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