BI226 Chapter Notes - Chapter 2: Spindle Apparatus, Y Chromosome, Centriole

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11 Apr 2013
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Eukaryotic chromosomes: genetic material of eukaryotes is often distributed among multiple linear chromosomes, chromosome (definition): in eukaryotic cells, a linear structure composed of a single dna molecule complexed with protein. Each species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in the nucleus of its cells. Eukaryotes that have two copies of each type of chromosome in their nuclei. Eukaryotes that have only one set of chromosomes usually the gametes. Haploid or n (actually 1n but we leave off the 1 since it is understood). Example: human somatic cells have 46 chromosomes, while our gametes have 23. In diploids, chromosomes that contain the same genes and that pair during meiosis are called homologous chromosomes. One homolog is inherited from each parent. In humans, one is the paternal homolog while the other is the maternal homolog: chromosomes that contain different genes and that do not pair during meiosis are called nonhomologous chromosomes.

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