Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Cell Membrane, Nuclear Membrane, Genome Size
15 Apr 2013
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Evolution of eukaryotes: eukaryotes have more morphology within the domain, why is there a lot of morphology complexity, bacteria and archaea are unicellular, and eukaryotes are multicellular. The paradox: all morphologically complex life is eukaryotic, all eukaryotes share common complex traits. Nucleus, trafficking, sex, phagocytosis, organelles, cytoskeleton: prokaryotic cells show no tendency. What drove the evolution of eukaryotes: oxygen is the key, something changed 2 bya, earliest bacteria were anaerobic. They get there atp from glycolysis; fermentation: 2. 2 billion years ago cyanobacteria appeared, prokaryotes. They release oxygen, they have ps2 and ps1, similar to the chloroplast. Gave rise to oxygen in the atmosphere: bacteria that undergo aerobic respiration. Now have a lot of oxygen and it can be used as terminal electron acceptor in respiration. With cac and oxidative phosphorylation generates way more atp than glycolysis, for the same amount of input substrates. Thus the bacteria are small: need to maintain a high plasma membrane surface area/volume.
