Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Prokaryote, Transfer Rna, Genetic Drift

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Modern chlamydomonas cell have three different genomes : nuclear, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Modern endoymbiont genomes are greatly diminished : nucleus: 120 000 kb, biggest, mitochondrion: 16 kb, smallest, chloroplast: 200 kb, second biggest. Mitochondrial and chloroplast are circular genomes, lots of copies of each. E. coli has about 5000 genes in about 5000 kb of circular dna: on average 1 gene is about 333 amino acids. Vaucheria (algae) has only 169 genes in only 115 kb of circular cpdna (chloroplast) Humans have only 37 genes in only 16kb of circular mtdna (mitochondria: only about a dozen proteins, why the genome have 37 genes only a dozen proteins. Why are there disconnect from number of genes to number of proteins: maybe they"re not protein coding genes. What do they code for? trna, rrna, rna. All rna are made by transcription of genes. From 5000 to 37 genes, why would cell want it"s mtdna to nucleus.

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