ENVS 2210 Chapter Notes -Royal Jelly, Toothpick, Pathogenic Bacteria
17 Apr 2013
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Document Summary
Honey bees suffer from five p"s: pathogens that cause diseases, parasites, pests, predators, poisons. Integrated pest managements (ipm) can assure health of honeybees. Powdery scale disease is rare but caused by bacteria. Equivalent disease of a. cerana was detected in thailand 1976 and spread to. India, and then nepal, india, pakistan: 80-90% colonies perished. Stonebrood: fungus ailment of larval and adult honeybees, mummies are yellowy- green. Varroa mites: parasitic mites that infect larvae, pupae, and adults. Microscopic examinations necessary for diagnosis of most diseases and parasites in adult honeybees. Sacbrood virus and black queen-cell virus infect immature bees. Viral infections widespread, cant be cured by drugs or treatment. Varroa destructor: external parasitic mites, widespread in europe then entered usa in. Few ectoparasitic arthropods on honeybees: apis dorsata host to tropilaelaps clarae which is a fast moving long- legged tiny mite that can be controlled by breaking brood-cycle.
