GGRA03H3 Lecture 12: lecture 12

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rosemuskrat776

2 Nov 2010

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Urban = characteristic to a place (removal of rural lands, diversity of employment, high population density} L12 - urban environmental citizenship and environmental transformation. Over half of the global population lives in areas defined as urban. Over 80% of canadians now live in urban areas (census metropolitan areas, 100 000+) Impact of urbanization on natural environment and cities. * students feel that the top of the environment is depressing & it gives no hope for the future/empowerment of what is being addressed. Allows membership in a political community (e. g. democracy) Political participation depending on citizenship/status - right to vote. Individual responsibilities and duties within society: relationship between the individual with the commons (larger society) Environmental citizens make a commitment to the "common good" through responsibilities and actions. The balancing of environmental rights and responsibilities in search for environmental justice (obligation to act in an environmentally just manner via helping others)

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This is from fundamentals of physics 8th edition halliday; Resnick.Chapter 18, problem 62. It has been answered, but i believe theyare absolutely wrong. The problem reads.

To withstand the harsh weather of the Antarctic, emperor penguinshuddle in groups. Assume that a penguin is a circular cylinder witha top surface area a=0.34m2 and height h = 1.1m. Let Pr be the rateat which an individual penguin radiates energy to the environment(through the top and the sides); thus NPr is the rate at which Nidentical, well-separated penguins radiate. If the penguins huddleclosely to form a huddled cylinder with top surface area Na andheight h, the cylinder radiates at the rate Ph. If N=1000, (a) whatis the value of the fraction Ph /NPr and (b) by what percentagedoes huddling reduce the total radiation loss?

Every transparent material can be characterized by what is called its index of refraction, n, given by the equation

$Chapter 9, Problem 4C, Every transparent material can be characterized by what is called its index of refraction, n, given , example 1$

Here c is the speed of light in a vacuum and v is the speed of light in the transparent material. Although normal air is not quite a vacuum, its density is small enough that v_a_i_ris approximately equal to c, so that we may take $Chapter 9, Problem 4C, Every transparent material can be characterized by what is called its index of refraction, n, given , example 2$ without too much error.
The precise mathematical relationship between the angles of incidence and refraction is given by what is known as Snell’s law,

$Chapter 9, Problem 4C, Every transparent material can be characterized by what is called its index of refraction, n, given , example 3$
where n₁and A₁are the index of refraction and the angle between the light ray and the normal, respectively, in medium 1, and n₂and A₂are the corresponding quantities for medium 2.

(a) Using the information in Table 9.1, compute the index of refraction for water and for fused silica (glass).
(b) Verify the result in Example 9.2 using Snell’s law explicitly. Show, using the same relationship, that the values for the angles of refraction in air (medium 2) in panels (b), (c), (d), and (e) of Figure 9.36 are correct for the given angles of incidence in glass (medium 1).

whitebuffalo354

On a downhill stretch of the road, a driver applies the brakes ofhis car so that he coasts at constant speed. We are interested inthe temperature rise of the brakes. Assume the brakes are made ofsteel and all of the heat generated by friction is absorbed by thebrakes. The hill has a height of 100 m, the car has a mass(including brakes) of 900 kg, the total mass of all brakes is 20kg, and the specific heat of steel is 450 J/(kg ?C).
a) Draw a sketch of the problem and collect the availableinformation.
b) Write down the conservation law that allows you to solve thisproblem.
c) Using the conservation law, the assumption of the problem, and g= 10 m/s2, calculate the heat absorbed by the brakes. (Answer: Q =9x105 J)
d) Calculate the temperature increase of the brakes and the finaltemperature, assuming the initial temperature was 20?C.
e) In the calculation, we assumed that all of the heat generatedduring braking is absorbed by the brakes. In reality, some of theheat is transferred to the environment. Considering this, do youexpect the final temperature of the brakes to be higher or lowerthan calculated?

GGRA03H3 Lecture 12: lecture 12

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