PHIL 1100 Lecture Notes - Bertrand Russell, Begging, Thrasymachus
Document Summary
Fallacies of relevance and the socratic model: appeal to authority/tradition/bandwagon, appeal to emotion, appeal to personal attack, red herring, begging the question (does not mean leads to the question ) Have one or more premises assume that conclusion is true. Saying something is valid is not saying much. If you make the assumption of the world being definite, you will be imprisoned. If you never question your beliefs without reasons, they are not your own: tyranny of custom, the element of certainty sets you free. Uses crafted questions to help someone achieve understanding by means of their own effort. Dialectic: from the greek word to argue or converse , a dynamic exchange or method involving contradiction or a technique for establishing an informed conclusion. Sophists: influential group of travelling educators who would teach rhetoric and oration for free; many sophists believed truth to be relative.
