PSY100Y5 Chapter Notes - Chapter 11: Animism, Object Permanence, Irreversible Process
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PSY100Y5 Full Course Notes
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If biological needs are met by the caregivers and sound attachments are formed,the child should develop an optimistic,trusting attitude toward the world. If biological needs are not met,a distrusting,pessimistic personality may result. If the child begins to take some personal responsibility for feeding,dressing,and bathing,he/she acquires a sense of self-suf ciency. If parents are never satis ed with the child"s efforts,the child may develop a sense of personal shame and self-doubt. Overcontrolling parents may begin to instill feelings of guilt,and self- esteem may suffer. Parents need to support their children"s independence while maintaining appropriate controls. Children who are able to function effectively in the social sphere where productivity is highly valued should learn to value achievement and to take pride in accomplishment, resulting in a sense of competence. This struggle involves working out a stable concept of oneself as a unique individual and embracing an ideology or system of values that provides a sense of direction.
