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BIOA01H3 Lecture Notes - Punnett Square, Distributive Property, Abo Blood Group System

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ceruleanllama424

9 May 2013

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Department

Biological Sciences

Course

Professor

Mark Fitzpatrick

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BIOA01H3 Full Course Notes

BIOA01H3 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Genes: parts of chromosomes that govern a trait, makes proteins that defines traits. Gene for height, allele for tall or short. Genotype: actual genetic information and what it says. Phenotype: the way the trait looks e. g. blue eyes. Sperm cell with a blue eye allele (a) on homologous chromosome 5 and egg cell with brown eye allele (a) to make genotype aa, and phenotype brown eyes. Recessive trait: present but not used unless it"s the only allele. One type of trait will be dominant and will trump the others. Homozygous dominant: aa or aa (both the same) P generation: parent generation all with homozygous genes. F1 generation: offspring from the cross of p generation, first filial generation. Law of segregation: states that the inherited traits are determined by pairs of alleles and genes which mandel called factors . These factors segregate (separate) in the gametes it one in each gamete.

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Related Questions

Problem A. You cross two homozygous parents: RRYY (round yellow) and rryy (wrinkled green) to produce an F1 generation. Round seeds are dominant, yellow seeds are dominant. You cross two F1s to produce the F2 generation. In the F2 generation, you find an individual with round yellow seeds. You do a testcross to find out the genotype of this âmysteryâ dominant/dominant phenotype. In the offspring of the cross, you find 1?2 have round yellow seeds and 1?2 have wrinkled yellow seeds.

1. Based on these data what was the genotype of the mystery F2?

Problem B. You carry out a dihybrid cross between a red-flowered rose with long pollen grains (A1A1 LL) and a white-flowered rose with round pollen (A2A2 l l). The flower color gene (A) shows incomplete dominance, and long pollen is completely dominant to round pollen. The genes for these traits are on different chromosomes so assort independently

2. What would be the phenotypes of the F1 generation?

3. What fraction of the F2 generation is expected to have red flowers and long pollen? (As always when traits are independent, what rule can you apply to save time?)

Problem D. In the example of epistasis presented in class, the agouti allele in mice (A) codes for striped hairs and is dominant to the allele for all black hairs (a). A loss-of-function allele for the pigment gene (b) produces no pigment and is recessive to the normal, dominant allele (B). The recessive allele at b masks the effect of the A gene. A dihybrid cross of AABB and aabb is carried out.

5. Name all of the genotypes in the F2 generation that can produce an albino (no pigment) phenotype.

Problem E. A cross is made between homozygous fruit flies that differ for eye color (the st gene) and

body color (the e gene). The F1 double heterozygote is shown below using chromosome notation.

--------------------------------------

st = the recessive allele for scarlet eyes; st+ = the dominant wildtype allele for red eyes e = the recessive allele for ebony body; e+ is the dominant wildtype allele for gray body

6. Are the chromosomes shown in the genotype above in cis or trans configuration?

7. Based on this notation, what were the genotypes and phenotypes of the two parents of the F1? (Think carefully here...)

8. With what phenotype would you cross this F1 to measure recombination frequency?

Jim is blood type A, his brother John is type O and his sister Jane is type AB. What are the genotypes of their parents?

Which of the following is true for alleles that show incomplete dominance?

Heterozygotes have a genotype like the dominant allele.

Homozygotes have a genotype like the recessive allele.

Heterozygotes have a phenotype intermediate between the dominant and recessive alleles.

Homozygotes have the same phenotype as the heterozygotes.

Which principle of inheritance concluded that when games are formed in meiosis, the two alleles of each gene separate from one another, and each gamete receives only one allele?

independent assortment

Which term best describes a condition in which alleles at one locus can alter the expression of alleles at another locus?

polygenic inheritance

multiple alleles

A single unit of genetic information located on a chromosome defines:

The physical expression (appearance or function) of an organism's genes defines:

a single characteristic

Palomino horses (golden color with a blond mane) are an incompletely dominant trait produced by the combination of the chestnut color allele and the cream color allele. If you wanted to produce as many palominos as possible, which mating strategy below would be the best choice?

Chestnut x Cream

Palomino x Cream

Palomino x Chestnut

Palomino x Palomino

Which term best describes the effect of a single gene on multiple aspects of the phenotype?

multiple alleles

polygenic inheritance

Which term best describes the separate expression of both alleles for a single trait in the same cell?

multiple alleles

polygenic inheritance

One form of a gene found on a single chromosome defines:

A chocolate lab (whose mother was a yellow lab) is mated with a black lab whose genotype is BbEe. What fraction of the offspring would be expected to be yellow labs?

What type of allele is always expressed regardless of whether the individual is homozygous or heterozygous for it?

Both the dominant and recessive alleles

Recessive allele

Allosteric allele

Dominant allele

Given the parents AABBGgHhrr Ã AabbGgHhRr, assume simple dominance and independent assortment. What proportion of the progeny will be expected to have the genotype AaBbggHHrr?

___________________ is defined as having two of the same type of allele for a particular trait.

Incomplete dominance

The physical position of an allele on a single chromosome defines:

Which term best describes two or more genes affecting the phenotype in an additive fashion?

polygenic inheritance

multiple alleles

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