BIOL 2021 Lecture Notes - Fadd, Fas Receptor, Bone Morphogenetic Protein
12 May 2013
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Mitogen cell surface receptor such as rtk ras map kinase pathway gene regulation. Immediate early genes myc = gene reg protein. Myc = g1 cyclin expression g1-cdk activation (brings us to the end of g1. G1-cdk phosphorylate rb (retinoblastoma protein: rb phosphoryltated e2f protein (gene reg protein, activated e2f increase gene expression (g1/s cyclin and s cyclins, proteins for dna synthesis, etc) G1/s phosphorylate and inactivate apc/c-cdk1 and inactivate cki: s cyclin accumulates s-cdj activation s phase. Fig 17. 63: p53 guardian of the genome. If phosphorylated, p21 will be transcribed and inhibit the cycle. Activates and stabalizes p53 transcription of p21 = cki protein inhibits cdks. P53 mutations found in half of all cancers. Arrested at the checkpoint: dna damage repaired. Unicells nutrients control growth and division. Multicells growth factors (extracellular signals) bind to receptors stimulate synthesis of proteins and other macromolecules: growth factors receptor pi3-kinase tor activations. Tor is a kinase, activates targets to stimulate metabolism and protein synthesis.
