BIOSC 0150 Lecture Notes - Chromosome Abnormality, Prometaphase, Telophase

91 views4 pages

coralwolf630

14 May 2013

School

Pitt

Department

Biological Sciences

Course

BIOSC 0150

Professor

Christine Dahlin- Universityof Pittsburgh Johnstown

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

Review mitosis (cell division) creates 2 genetically identical copies of a single cell. Meiosis makes haploid cells sources of genetic variation. Sexual reproduction creation of offspring by the fusion of genetic materials from 2 parents. Offspring have a copy of each chromosome from each parent. Offspring is not genetically identical to each other or to parents (except twins) Heredity transmission of genes from one generation to the next. Genetics study of heredity and hereditary variation. Locus specific location of a gene on a chromosome. Somatic cells most cells in the body are somatic cells. Diploid have 2 copies of each chromosome (2n) Homologous chromosomes same length and centromere position: also same genes, but they do not have the same alleles because parents have different allele. Diploid 2 sets of chromosomes, each from a different parent. Homologous chromosomes individual chromosomes from a homologous pair: they are not sister chromatids.

Related Questions

M2A1 Worksheet: Mitosis and Meiosis

A dog is a diploid organisms and has 39 pairs of chromosomes (2n = 78), where n = 39 chromosomes from each parent. Use this example to answer the following question regarding chromosomal number.

INTERPHASE

How many chromosomes are present in the somatic cell?

What do they look like?

What are they âdoingâ in G1 of this phase?

What is happening in the S phase?

What is happening in the G2 phase?

What follows G2 phase in a somatic cell?

What follows G2 phase in a gamete cell?

MITOSIS

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in the daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in the daughter cell.

How many daughter cells are produced?

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid?

How many cell divisions take place?

In what type of cell does this division occur?

Meiosis 1:

Number of chromosomes in the parent cell.

Number of chromatids in the parent cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis I daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis 1?

Meiosis II:

Number of chromosomes in the âparentâ cell (which is a daughter cell from Meiosis I).

Number of chromatids in the âparentâ cell.

Number of chromosomes in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Number of chromatids in each Meiosis II daughter cell.

Are the daughter cells haploid or diploid at the end of Meiosis II?

Which phase or phases of Meiosis account for the genetic variability among the daughter cells? Howâ¦ what happens in this phase to create the diversity?

Comparing Mitosis and Meiosisâ¦..

How many daughter cells result from Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

How many daughter cells result from Meiosis? Are they diploid or Haploid?

Cell structures and function: Match each organelle to its function:

Organelle Function

Lysosome 1. Lipid synthesis

Rough ER 2. Houses DNA

Nucleus 3. Energy extraction

Smooth ER 4. Dismantles debris

Golgi apparatus 5. detoxification

Mitochondria 6. Protein synthesis

Peroxisome 7. Processes secretions

What is the function of checkpoint proteins in the cell cycle?

How can all of a personâs cells contain exactly the same genetic material, yet specialize as bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells and connective tissues?

What are the 3 primary germ layers?

Briefly, in one or two sentences, distinguish between

a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell

interphase and mitosis

mitosis and apoptosis

an autosome and a sex chromosome

homologous pair of chromosomes and a sister chromatid

centromere and centriole

chromosome and chromatid

monozygotic and dizygotic twins

allele and gene

What type of daughter cells are produced during meiosis?

A. genetically distinct due to crossing over

B. genetically identical to the mother cell

C. genetically identical to each other

D. genetically aneuploids

What is NOT a benefit of asexual reproduction compared to sexual reproduction?

A. The offspring will be as successful in the habitat as the parent.

B. all members of the population can reproduce themselves

C. The only source of variation in the next generation is mutation.

D. They do not require another organism of the opposite sex.

In what phase of meiosis does Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes occur?

A. meiosis I

B. interphase

C. cytokinesis

D. meiosis II

In what phase of meiosis does Independent assortment of homologous chromosomes occur?

A. meiosis I

B. interphase

C. cytokinesis

D. meiosis II

13. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that:
a. meiosis results in the production of two new cells, whilemitosis results in the production for four new
cells., b. meiosis is used for growth and repair, while mitosis isused for production of eggs and sperm., c.
cytokinesis can be unequal following meiosis, but is approximatelyequal following mitosis., d. meiosis
involves one cell division, while mitosis involves two celldivisions., e. meiosis results in the production of
diploid cells, while mitosis results in the production of haploidcells.
14. Bits of maternal and paternal chromosomes are exchanged betweenhomologous chromosomes during
synapsis of meiosis I. This process is called:
a. crossing over., b. random mating., c. random fertilization., d.random shuffling of parental
chromosomes.,
e. mutation.
15. The advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproductionis that:
a. all young are genetically identical to the parent., b. malesmust evolve a copulatory organ., c. genetic
variability in the population is increased., d. females must evolvea vagina., e. mates are not needed.
16. Many different types of information are used to constructphylogenetic trees. Which of the following types
of information is the most direct measure of evolutionaryrelatedness?
a. physiology, b. gene sequence data, c. the fossil record, d.information about the structure of ribosomes.,
e. information about the structure of enzymes
17. A species is:
a. a group of individuals that can interbreed under naturalconditions and produce fertile offspring., b.
denoted by both a genus and a species name., c. the onlybiologically defined taxon., d. a group of
organisms with a large number of traits in common., e. all of theabove.
18. The process of spermatogenesis results in:
A. 4 diploid sperm; B. 1 diploid sperm and 3 haploid polar bodies;C. 1 haploid sperm and 3 haploid
polar bodies; D. 4 haploid sperm
19. Which cell division process results in an unequal division ofthe cytoplasm?
A. Spermatogenesis; B. Testiculargenesis; C. Oogenesis; D. None ofthe above
20. Meiosis is the process by which:
A. 1 diploid cell becomes 4 haploid cells; B. 1 diploid cellbecomes 1 haploid cell and 3 haploid polar
bodies; C. 1 haploid cell becomes 4 diploid cells; D. Both A andB
21. The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the equator(middle) of the cell is called:
A. Anaphase; B. Telophase; C. Interphase; D. Metaphase
22. Chromosome #6 from Mom and Chromosome #6 from Dad form achromosome pair called:
A. Sister Chromatids; B. Centromeres; C. Homologous Chromosomes; D.Spindle Apparatus

scarlethare433

BIOSC 0150 Lecture Notes - Chromosome Abnormality, Prometaphase, Telophase

Document Summary

Get access

Related Documents

BIOSC 0150 Lecture Notes - Asexual Reproduction, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor, Prometaphase

BIOSC 0150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 28: Germ Cell, Sister Chromatids, Fetus

BIOSC 0150 Lecture Notes - Lecture 24: Meiosis, Gamete, Pyruvic Acid

Related Questions