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MICB 202 Study Guide - Capsid, Poliovirus, Vpg

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School
UBC
Department
Microbiology
Course
MICB 202
Professor
Tracy Kion

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Document Summary

Virology review questions - topic 1: enveloped viruses are typically less robust or stable than naked viruses when outside of the. Suggest reasons as to why this might be so: define the term host range from a virology perspective, a virus may have a very limited host range or a very broad host range. What determines the host range of a virus: a new virus is able to infect a monkey cell but not a human cell when cultured in the laboratory. However, if the genome is extracted and then micro-injected into a human cell, a productive infection will occur. Is the human cell susceptible and/or permissive: blocking viral attachment and entry is the best way to prevent a potential infection. In many cases, such as the antibodies generated by our own immune responses, the anti- receptors on the viruses are neutralized. An alternative method would be to block the virus receptor; however, this is not done very often.

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What is the name of a chemical substance responsible for stimulating an immune response?

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Pathogen

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Rotomers

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Antigen

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Antibody

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Troll receptor

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QuestionGroup: #52 Innate immune2

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52

What is the purpose of secondary metabolites produced by normal flora in your body?

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To aid T cells in fighting local infection

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To kill infected B cells

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To help balance electrolytes

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To inhibit adhesion, and growth of the certain microbes

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QuestionGroup: #53 Innate immune3

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53

The lysozyme removes most bacteria in our foods through the saliva in our mouth, how does it do this?

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The lysozyme attacks the bacteria through the blood.

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The lysozyme are not strong enough to get rid of bacteria.

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The lysozyme breaks down the polysaccharide walls of different bacteria.

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The lysozyme will tell your body to get rid of the bacteria by vomiting.

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QuestionGroup: #54 Adapt immune 1

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In adaptive immunology, the key component is which of the following?

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Antigen trigger the the production of vaccines.

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Antibodies will trigger responses in the antigen which will cause an inflamation.

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Antigens trigger responses of the antibodies which will recognize the antigen.

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Antibodies will be able to recognize other antibodies and destroy them.

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QuestionGroup: #55 Adapt immune2

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55

An autoimmune induced disorder is...?

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When the body's immune system attacks a tissue or organ in the body

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When the immune system is not present

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When the body attacks the antigens and antibodies of the immune system

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When the autonomic nervous system attacks the antigen and antibodies of the immune system

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QuestionGroup: #56 Adapt immune3

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Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins and constitute part of the blood proteins. How do antibodies work?

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Agglutination-- they just clump with each other (blocking antigen)

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Precipitation-- force insolubility and settled out of solution along with antigens

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Complement fixation-- proteins attach to antigen surface (causing cell lysis)

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All of the above

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QuestionGroup: #57 Infectious disease

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The most deadly STD is HIV, but many other viruses can be deadly. Name the most common sexually transmitted infection.

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Genital human parisis virus (GHPV)

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Herpes Simplex

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Human papilloma virus (HPV)

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Human pappathe virus tentis (HPVT)

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QuestionGroup: #58 Infectious disease2

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Microbes have developed an array of weapons to be able to go from host to host. These virulent factors are divided into several groups, but one important group is the one produced by bacteria. Name the subgroups within this bacterial group.

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Retretoxin and maitotoxin

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Retretoxin and butotoxin

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Endotoxins and exotoxins

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Lipotoxin and exotoxin

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QuestionGroup: #59 Infectious disease3

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Sexually transmitted diseases are very successful at spreading from one person to another. Name one important reason for this fact.

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Mucous membranes use B cells only and are resistant to antigens

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Mucous membranes in the sex organs differ from those of the skin in that they allow certain pathogens into the body

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STDs are transmitted through sex only

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QuestionGroup: #60 HIV/ AIDS

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HIV has which of the following characteristics?

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It has an enzyme called reverse transcriptase which causes the DNA to reverse the nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA.

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It is a retrovirus meaning that it reverses the order of protein production in that the virus affects the DNA in the cell to make the protein.

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It is an anti-retrovirus meaning that it attacks the DNA causing the development of new HIV particles.

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It has a short incubation period which means that the symptoms show up also immediately after infection.

1. during inflamation fluid will passively diffuse out of blod vessels into the nearby infected tissue. This implies all of the following EXCEPT

a.the osmolarity of the fluid surrounding infected tissues is higher than the plasma b the surrounding tissue will swell with excessive fluids c near by cappilaries have become more pearmeable d B-lymphocyte will differeniate to become plasma cell

2. which of the following best describe the qualities of most antigens?

a macromolecules that are foreign to the host b atomic elements that are not normally present in the human body c macromolecules tah tare produced by the host organism d atomic elements that are harmful or toxic

3. an adbantages to adaptive immunity is

a its memory cell that provide quicker larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen b its need for several cells to be activated over several days on first exposure c the ability for its individul cells to respond to many differnt pathogens d the use of antibodies that cause cells lysis and kill invading cells

4, an advantages of innate immunity is

a its a barrier taht prevent pathogens from entering into the body b the specifcity of its individual cell which specialize in the removal on one type of antigen c the numerous step in the activation of its cell that can prevent autoimmune disease d the use of the antibodies to cause cell lysis and kill invading cell

5. B- lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune sys for all of the following reason but one Which of the following is NOT one part of reason B lyphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?

a they produce memory cell when activated b their receptors will bind to only one antigen c they require costimulation from an activated T helper cell d thet are a first line of defense that can begin killing

6. Over lap in the innate and adaptive immune sys is seen in all of the following examples but one Which of the following examples does NOT illustrate the over lap of innate and adaptive immune resposes ??? a dendritic cell presenting antigen on their MHC II proteins to T helper cells b macrophage becoming activated macrophages in response to cytokines realesed by T helper cells c natural killer cell causing of an abnoraml host cell lacking MHC proteins d Plasma cell that produce large amounts of IgE that will ultimetly allow mast cell to relase histamine

7. Which of the following examples below describe an autoimmune disease? a infection and death of T helper cells bya virus resulting in a loss of adaptive immunity b realse of bacterial endotoxins that block acetylcholine realse result is muscle paralysis c antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of hte motor end palte resulting in muscle weakness.d uncontrolled cell division resulting in cell surface abnormalities recognized by natural killer cell.

8. Which of he following does NOT describe actions of interferon IFN? a virally infected cell can release interferon which attracts natural killer cell to attack and kill the IFN secreting cell b IFN binds to normal uninfected cell stimulating the activation of genes that produce anti viral proteins c IFN will attract macrophages to the secreting cell to be removed bt phagocytosis d IFN can penetrate the virla capsid and destroy the virus

HI HELP PLEASE I NEED ANSWERS TO ALL QUESTIONS PLEASE THANKS

1. during inflamation fluid will passively diffuse out of blod vessels into the nearby infected tissue. This implies all of the following EXCEPT

a.the osmolarity of the fluid surrounding infected tissues is higher than the plasma b the surrounding tissue will swell with excessive fluids c near by cappilaries have become more pearmeable d B-lymphocyte will differeniate to become plasma cell

2. which of the following best describe the qualities of most antigens?

a macromolecules that are foreign to the host b atomic elements that are not normally present in the human body c macromolecules tah tare produced by the host organism d atomic elements that are harmful or toxic

3. an adbantages to adaptive immunity is

a its memory cell that provide quicker larger and more efficient immune response upon second exposure to an antigen b its need for several cells to be activated over several days on first exposure c the ability for its individul cells to respond to many differnt pathogens d the use of antibodies that cause cells lysis and kill invading cells

4, an advantages of innate immunity is

a its a barrier taht prevent pathogens from entering into the body b the specifcity of its individual cell which specialize in the removal on one type of antigen c the numerous step in the activation of its cell that can prevent autoimmune disease d the use of the antibodies to cause cell lysis and kill invading cell

5. B- lymphocytes are categorized as part of the adaptive branch of the immune sys for all of the following reason but one Which of the following is NOT one part of reason B lyphocytes are considered part of the adaptive immunity?

a they produce memory cell when activated b their receptors will bind to only one antigen c they require costimulation from an activated T helper cell d thet are a first line of defense that can begin killing

6. Over lap in the innate and adaptive immune sys is seen in all of the following examples but one Which of the following examples does NOT illustrate the over lap of innate and adaptive immune resposes ??? adendritic cell presenting antigen on their MHC II proteins to T helper cells b macrophage becoming activated macrophages in response to cytokines realesed by T helper cells c natural killer cell causing of an abnoraml host cell lacking MHC proteins d Plasma cell that produce large amounts of IgE that will ultimetly allow mast cell to relase histamine

7. Which of the following examples below describe an autoimmune disease? a infection and death of T helper cells bya virus resulting in a loss of adaptive immunity b realse of bacterial endotoxins that block acetylcholine realse result is muscle paralysis c antibody binding to acetylcholine receptors of hte motor end palte resulting in muscle weakness.d uncontrolled cell division resulting in cell surface abnormalities recognized by natural killer cell.

8. Which of he following does NOT describe actions of interferon IFN? a virally infected cell can release interferon which attracts natural killer cell to attack and kill the IFN secreting cell b IFN binds to normal uninfected cell stimulating the activation of genes that produce anti viral proteins c IFN will attract macrophages to the secreting cell to be removed bt phagocytosis d IFN can penetrate the virla capsid and destroy the virus