CRIM 300W Lecture Notes - The Kallikak Family, Webct, Twin Study
Document Summary
Focus on the individual: identify causes/diagnose and treat. Shift from the classical school: rationality/free will and legal/penal reform to biological determinism. Role of science and research: focus on treatment and rehab, prevention and intervention (medical model) Notion of the born criminal (lombroso) and dangerousness ( Crime and low intelligence- dug dale and goddard. Iq tests-binet: measurement of intelligence, labelling of individuals, individuals can be trained to improve iq. Crime and inherited traits; feeblemindedness (jukes and kallikaks)- morally unifit, intelligence is a static trait, inherited. Criminality and body types (sheldon): ecto, meso, endo. Legacy: eugenics, inhumane medical experiments, racist practices, sterilization, expulsion to penal colonies, incarceration, capital punishment. Crime is complex phenomenon many different paths to criminality. Importance of social environment, parenting, learning achievement, peer groups. Influence of heredity and environment=probability of aggressive/violent behavior. Twin studies: small concrodances rates and criminality identical twins. Adoption studies: small correlation between conviction rates of biological parent and child placed in adoption.