CRIM 300W Lecture Notes - Fare Evasion, Institute For Operations Research And The Management Sciences, Habituation
30 May 2013
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Document Summary
New legislation is meant to deter fare evaders. Theory informs policy: theory without policy has limited uses. Theory can be used to justify or critique and improve policy. Theory can also emerge from policy/practice if it works to deter offenders. Theory, research, practice, and policy are all interrelated. Punishment must be seen to be a likely outcome: swift, certain, and severe. Stafford and warr: reconceptualization of deterrence (perception of the individual) Middle to upper-level individuals are more easily deterred because they have more to lose. Experiential effect: previous experiences influence expectation re: the chances of being caught and penalties (p. 97) Drunk driving perceptions differ between someone who has never driven drunk vs. those caught and who continue to reoffend. Chances of being caught are low re: how many times one gets away with it. Social sanctions, shame/remorse, disapproval from those who we care about: employers/co-workers, family, peers, etc. Research: informal sanctions inhibit crime more so than formal sanctions.
