JSB171 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Categorical Imperative, Practical Reason, Immanuel Kant

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Religious ethics based on a wilful and rational god or gods. This god makes or prescribes judgements of right and wrong. Ethical formalism when each person lives up to his or her role and follows rules, then society is good and in order. It is only the motive or intent that is important in making decisions about how to act the consequences of the act are not important. Utilitarianism that which is good is the action which contributes to the good of the majority. All action should therefore be aimed at producing the greatest good for the greatest number of people. Egoism that which is good is that which promotes one"s own personal happiness, well- being or survival. Ethical relativism that which is good changes with the changing circumstances of the individual or the group. Good" is an individual decision there are no universal moral laws. Deontology/non-consequentialism: moral decisions should be based on the right motive or intent.

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