HLSC 2461U Lecture Notes - Alveolar Cells, Blood Gas Tension, Thoracic Wall
Document Summary
Hemoptysis: coughing up blood, related with cancer, angiogenic response, also caused. Orthopnea: positional dyspnea, worse when you lay down (right heart failure) Clubbing: tips of fingers are round, happens with chronic hypercapnia (smoking, co2) Paranasal sinuses are connected with the nose. 2 maxillary, 2 frontal, 1 sphenoid, 2 ethemoid. Sinuses are covered with respiratory epithelium (cilia) Sinuses communicate with the nose through ducts. These ducts can become blocked with mucus and this alters communication. Inflamed sinuses causes mucus to increase and accumulate (chronic or acute) Commonly viral and when it doesn"t resolve quickly it becomes bacterial. All upper airway disorders, inflammation and edema produce obstruction. Expiration is more passive because the air is stuck in the lungs. Ectasis: increase in the diameter of something. This is dilation of the bronchi which is permanent and is due to something structural/anatomical. Happens in some segments of the bronchiole. Mucus gets formed there and serves as a place for bacterial growth.
