CHM 142 Lecture Notes - Boltzmann Distribution, Isothermal Process, Spontaneous Process

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First law of thermodynamics energy is neither created nor destroyed. The amount of energy in the universe available to do work is constantly decreasing. Processes that are spontaneous in one direction are nonspontaneous in the reverse direction. No correlation between spontaneity and rate or exothermic vs. endothermic. A process that is spontaneous at one temperature, may not be spontaneous at another temperature. Spontaneity depends on dispersion of energy that occurs during a process. Dispersion of energy at a given temperature. The extent of randomness in a system. Energy distribution is affected by molecular motion and volume. Different molecular states related to molecular motion are separated by specific energies (don"t exist between energy levels/states) Energy state or energy level allowed value of energy. Microstate a unique distribution of molecules of a sample among energy levels (like a factorial) Rotational spinning motion around axis perpendicular to bond. Vibrational movement of atoms towards/away from each other.

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