PSYC 2110 Chapter : Ch 5. Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood.pdf

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24 Aug 2013
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An enormous amount of physical development takes place during infancy and toddlerhood. An infant"s height increases dramatically over the first year, and the proportion of body fat starts to decrease after nine months as muscle mass starts to increase. The two trends that describe this development are the cephalocaudal trend describes (growth from head to tail ) and the proximodistal trend (from the center of the body to the extremities). In the head, soft spots (fontanels), which allow the bones of the skull to overlap during childbirth, also become filled-in as an infant ages. Neuron growth, neuron activity, and cortical development can be assessed through a variety of methods (e. g. , electroencephalogram [eeg], event-related potentials [erps], functional magnetic resonance imaging [fmri], positron emission tomography [pet], and near-infrared spectroscopy [nirs]). Early in development, the infant brain is quite plastic, meaning that particular areas of the brain have not yet become highly specialized.

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