Biology 3466B Lecture Notes - Genotyping, Red Blood Cell, Digestive Enzyme
25 Aug 2013
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Document Summary
Genome duplication is phenomenon in which an organism receives a copy of all possible genetic material (every gene). This results in much redundant genetic material and is a quite common process in flowering plants. The existence of tetraploidy or greater is quite literally the mark of genome duplication. It is the product of failed meiotic segregation of genetic material. In this circumstance, the individual would be capable of self-fertilization, but would have difficulty fertilizing a 1n gamete. Point mutations creates new alleles that may or may not function differently. Chromosome inversions change gene order and reduce recombination. Gene duplication creates redundant gene copies, which may evolve new functions. Genome duplication vastly increases redundant gene copies and potential for evolution. First discovered in 1929, the antarctic ice fish was observed to be unusual in that inhabited extremely cold temperatures and exhibited clear, transparent blood. Apparently, its plasma consisted of dysfunctional erythrocytes and an antifreeze-like glycoprotein.
