BISC 160 Chapter Notes - Chapter 5: Extracellular Matrix, Cytosol, Endomembrane System
8 Sep 2013
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Document Summary
Prokaryotic cells share certain features: plasma membrane separates it from external environment, nucleoid contains dna, cytoplasm: the rest of the cell. Cytosol: mainly water, contains dissolved ions, small molecules, and soluble macromolecules such as proteins. Ribosomes: made of rna and proteins, 25 nm, protein synthesis. Specialized features are found in some prokaryotes: cell walls. Slimy layer called a capsule encloses the cell wall and keep cells from drying out. Capsule is not essential to prokaryotic life, and most prokaryotes produce no capsule: internal membranes. Cyanobacteria and some other bacteria carry out photosynthesis. Internal membrane systems contain molecules needed for photosynthesis. Other prokaryotes have internal membrane folds that function in cell division or in various energy- releasing reactions: flagella and pili. Cause the movement (propeller motion) of a cell. Pili is made of protein that are hairlike and shorter, used for adherence.
