Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 20: Primase, Base Pair, Reactive Oxygen Species

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Telomerase is active on both ends of dna, there are 3" and 5" ends at both sides. Silent mutations: changed codon specifies the same amino acid. Missense mutations: changed codon specifies changed amino acid. Nonsense mutations: changed codon specifies stop (likely to have a dramatic affect) There are sequences that lend themselves to in/del mutations. Insertion: a string of similar bases can shift over thru slippage=an extra base in new strand. Deletion: a string of similar bases on the template strand loop out= del of base. Changes reading frame for translation all the way down stream. There are three possible reading frames in any given gene. Frameshift mutation: when inserting or deleting a pair causes a shift in the way codons are read= garbage. In the ribosome: the mrna will read thru the stop codon and keep translating till the end of the mrna, or if it sees a new stop codon before or after original.

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