BIOL 112 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Hox Gene, Electrical Synapse, Beatboxing
Document Summary
Ingestive heterotrophs: take food into body to digest, c. f. fungi are heterotrophs, but absorptive ones. Cells have no cell walls: whereas bacteria, plants, and fungi do. Embryonic development: embryos form a blastula (figure 32. 2) Blastula= hollow ball of cells: primordial germ layers. Endoderm ( internal organs, gut, respiratory surfaces, gonads) Mesoderm (muscle, bones, cartilage, bones, circulatory system: most animals are triploblastic (3 germ layers, some are diploblastic (2 germ layers) Protostomes vs. dueterostomes: figure 32. 9, triploblasts, most invertebrates (except echinoderms) are protostomes, protostomes. Determinant- fate of cells is set early and it can"t become anything else (fixed: not plastic! If cell is lost, no other cell can take its place: deuterostomes. Indeterminate: cell"s fate is not predetermined, not fixed until very late in development. If cell is lost, others can alter their fate to replace it: plasticity! Neurons and muscles: only in animals, figure 48. 4, neurons. Transmit info through body with electrical signals: synapse types.
