BIOCHEM 2B03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Erwin Chargaff, Ribose, Nitrogenous Base

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blackgnat608

16 Sep 2013

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Chapter 4: nucleic acids and the rna world. Two attributes to distinguish life from non-life. Nucleic acids: polymers made up of monomers called nucleotides. 3 components of a nucleotide: phosphate group, sugar. Organic compound with a carbonyl group and several hydroxyl groups. C#3 oh is involved in bonding with the next nucleotide. C#1 is attached to the nitrogenous base. C#5 is attached to the phosphate group: nitrogenous base. Ribonucleotides - sugar is ribose; has an oh group bonded to c#2 in the ring: purines: adenine (a) and guanine (g, pyrimidines: cytosine (c) and uracil (u) Deoxyribonucleotides - sugar is deoxyribose; has an h bonded to the c#2 in the ring: purines: adenine (a) and guanine (g, pyrimidines: cytosine (c) and thymine (t) Phosphodiester linkage/bond: condensation reaction between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group of the sugar component of another nucleotide.

Related Questions

1. Which of the following is NOT a key feature of ALL individual cells?

a. The ability to store and transit information using nucleic acids

b. the presence of a plasma membrane

c. The ability to harvest and transform energy from the environment

d. The presence of nucleus

(I choose c and itâs wrong answer)

2. A phosphodiester bond is formed molecule:

a. A fatty acid and a glycerol molecule

b. Two amino acids

c. A 3â phosphate and a 5â hydroxyl group

d. A 5â phosphate and a 3â hydroxyl group

3. The class of macro molecules that are not composed of repeating structural units:

a. Lipids

b. Carbohydrates

c. Proteins

d. Nucleic acids

Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of the fact that DNA polymerase can only build onto the end of an existing nucleic acid?

Question 6 options:

	DNA replication requires primers
	Bits of DNA are lost from the ends of your chromosomes in each successive round of replication
	RNA is involved in DNA replication
	The enzyme "primase" is needed for DNA replication
	There are multiple origins of replication on each eukaryotic chromosome

How does a nucleotide sequence code for a protein in nearly all living organisms?

Question 7 options:

	a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for one of 64 different amino acids
	a sequence of 2 nucleotides can code for one of 64 different amino acids
	a sequence of 2 nucleotides can code for one of 20 different amino acids
	a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for one of 20 different amino acids
	a sequence of 3 nucleotides can code for 3 different amino acids

Fill in the blanks. To make one strand of DNA, _________ monomers are linked together in a chain, forming a polymer we call a(n) ________ .

Question 8 options:

	nitrogenous bases, hydrogen bond
	nucleotide, nucleic acid
	amino acid, nucleic acid
	nucleotide, nitrogenous base
	amino acid, protein

Which of the following was NOT part of the ideas that Darwin used in his book On the Origin of Species?

Question 9 options:

	organisms vary in characteristics that affect survival and reproduction
	variation in traits is often heritable
	descent with modification explains life's unity and life's diversity
	organisms inherit characteristics from their parents that the parents acquired in their own lifetimes
	natural selection is a cause of adaptive evolution

Here is a hypothetical mRNA sequence:

5' G G A U G C U A G U A U G A 3'

What is the amino acid sequence encoded by this mRNA?

Question 10 options:

	Met-Ile-Val
	Asp-Ala-Ser-Met
	Met-Leu-Val
	Ser-Met-Ile-Val
	Gly-Cys

Match each term with its definition. Each term or definition is used only once

- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	right-spiraling common DNA form
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	referencing the opposite orientation of hydrogen-bonded DNA strands
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	viral particle whose natural host is a prokaryote
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	universal holding that the number of purines always equals the number of pyrimidines
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	nucleic acid base sequences able to form a double-stranded structure by virtue of matching base pairs
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	5ââ 3â or 3ââ 5â
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	nuclease able to cleave phosphodiester linkages in the DNA backbone
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	the structure formed by two DNA strands twisted around a common axis in a spiral
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	bacterial cycle of phage- infected cells resulting in cell destruction and viral release
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	main access site for proteins that recognize specific DNA sequences
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a cytosine modification favoring Z DNA formation
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	nucleic acid monomer consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	connects two nucleic acid sugar molecules via an ester bond
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	hydrolyzes peptide bonds linking amino acids
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	U or C in RNA
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a pentose sugar
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	an enzyme that breaks down RNA
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	either of the two nucleotide chains of a double helix
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a pyrimidine able to hydrogen bond with adenine
- A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T.	a DNA configuration favored by high ionic strength and GC repeats

A.	protease
B.	lysis
C.	double helix
D.	bacteriophage
E.	complementary
F.	Chargaffâs rule
G.	B DNA
H.	major groove
I.	nucelotide
J.	antiparallel
K.	RNAse
L.	directionality
M.	phosphodiester linkage
N.	ribose
O.	Z DNA
P.	pyrimidine
Q.	methylation
R.	DNAse
S.	uracil
T.	strand

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BIOCHEM 2B03 Chapter Notes - Chapter 4: Erwin Chargaff, Ribose, Nitrogenous Base

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