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BISC 336 Lecture Notes - Spermatocyte, Spermatid, Ploidy

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brownwater-buffalo68

17 Sep 2013

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Department

Biological Science

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Professor

Dr.Sarah Liljegren

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Document Summary

Dyads are pairs of homologous chromosomes one from each parent. Goes through meiosis i and ii to produce four equal sperm. Beginning at meiosis ii, the dyads are already haploid. One primary spermatocyte produces two secondary spermatocytes. (mesisos i) One secondary spermatocyte produces two spermatids. (meiosis ii) One primary spermatocyte results in two secondary spermatocytes, which result in a total of four spermatids. Oogenesis polar bodies: oocytes that get shorted cytoplasm and don"t become eggs but they do contain the haploid number of chromosomes. In females, ovum development is arrested in prophase i in adolescence, and begins again in teens. Proteins produced in bound ribosomes go through secretory system or are membrane proteins. ***both chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own gnoma. Mitochondrial dna is maternally inherited, and so is choroplastial dna most of the time*** Changes in mitochondrial genome lead to differences in aging patterns. Monohybrid crosses of truebreeding individuals differing only in 1 trait revealed how traits are transmitted.

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Related Questions

6.A) If one follows 120 primary oocytes in an animal through their various stages of oogenesis, how many secondary oocytes would be formed?

B) How many first polar bodies would be formed?

C) How many ootids would be formed?

D) If one follows 120 primary spermatocytes in an animal through their various stages of spermatogenesis, how many secondary spermatocytes would be formed?

E) How many spermatids would be formed?

14. From which phase of the cell cycle does a cell enter G0 phase

21. Which of the following is true about the second meiotic division?

-The products are four identical gametes.

-Homologous chromosomes are pulling apart.

-Nondisjunction would lead to extra bivalents forming.

-Synapsis occurring in the second meiotic division.

-Sister chromatids are pulling apart.

23.Which if the following is true?

-Cells are 4n after S phase.

-Sister chromatids in mitosis are not identical.

-Cells are considered to be 2n after meiosis I.

-A chromosome always contains the same number of chromatids, regardless of phase of the mitotic or meiotic cell cycle.

-A chromosome may contain one or two chromatids in different phases of the mitotic or meiotic cell cycle.

13. Meiosis differs from mitosis in that:
a. meiosis results in the production of two new cells, whilemitosis results in the production for four new
cells., b. meiosis is used for growth and repair, while mitosis isused for production of eggs and sperm., c.
cytokinesis can be unequal following meiosis, but is approximatelyequal following mitosis., d. meiosis
involves one cell division, while mitosis involves two celldivisions., e. meiosis results in the production of
diploid cells, while mitosis results in the production of haploidcells.
14. Bits of maternal and paternal chromosomes are exchanged betweenhomologous chromosomes during
synapsis of meiosis I. This process is called:
a. crossing over., b. random mating., c. random fertilization., d.random shuffling of parental
chromosomes.,
e. mutation.
15. The advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproductionis that:
a. all young are genetically identical to the parent., b. malesmust evolve a copulatory organ., c. genetic
variability in the population is increased., d. females must evolvea vagina., e. mates are not needed.
16. Many different types of information are used to constructphylogenetic trees. Which of the following types
of information is the most direct measure of evolutionaryrelatedness?
a. physiology, b. gene sequence data, c. the fossil record, d.information about the structure of ribosomes.,
e. information about the structure of enzymes
17. A species is:
a. a group of individuals that can interbreed under naturalconditions and produce fertile offspring., b.
denoted by both a genus and a species name., c. the onlybiologically defined taxon., d. a group of
organisms with a large number of traits in common., e. all of theabove.
18. The process of spermatogenesis results in:
A. 4 diploid sperm; B. 1 diploid sperm and 3 haploid polar bodies;C. 1 haploid sperm and 3 haploid
polar bodies; D. 4 haploid sperm
19. Which cell division process results in an unequal division ofthe cytoplasm?
A. Spermatogenesis; B. Testiculargenesis; C. Oogenesis; D. None ofthe above
20. Meiosis is the process by which:
A. 1 diploid cell becomes 4 haploid cells; B. 1 diploid cellbecomes 1 haploid cell and 3 haploid polar
bodies; C. 1 haploid cell becomes 4 diploid cells; D. Both A andB
21. The phase of mitosis where chromosomes line up at the equator(middle) of the cell is called:
A. Anaphase; B. Telophase; C. Interphase; D. Metaphase
22. Chromosome #6 from Mom and Chromosome #6 from Dad form achromosome pair called:
A. Sister Chromatids; B. Centromeres; C. Homologous Chromosomes; D.Spindle Apparatus