BIOB10H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Intermembrane Space, Viral Matrix Protein, Nuclear Localization Sequence
25 Sep 2013
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Autotrophs: manufacture organic nutrients from inorganic molecules (co2: about 2. 7 million years ago, cyanobacteria used electrons from water to produce oxygen as a waste product, synthesis of complex molecules from co2 requires large input of energy. Photoautotrophs: use radiant energy to make organic compounds: photosynthesis: converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy stored in carbohydrates. Low energy electrons are removed from a donor molecule : co2+ h2o +light ->(ch2) + o2. Chloroplast structure and function: photosynthesis in eukaryotes takes place in the chloroplast, a cytoplasmicorganelle, arose from phagocytosis of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, uses energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose. Plants, eukaryotic algae, some protists and several prokaryotes: chloroplasts have a double membrane. The outer membrane contains porins and is permeable to large molecules. The inner membrane contains light-absorbing pigment, electron carriers, and atp-synthesizing enzymes: outer envelope membrane contains porin proteins, inner envelope membrane is highly impermeable: requires transporters.
