DEV2022 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Endothelium, Hypoplasia, Fetus

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Pseudoglandular: when the lung looks like a secretory gland. Canalicular: when canals and airways start becoming prominent. Saccular: when terminal sacs start to appear, which looks like gas exchange surfaces. Birth normally occurs between the saccular and alveolar stage. The first three stages always appear in vitro. Premature babies can be born before the alveolar stage starts. It is the soapy substance that lines the alveoli, reduces the air liquid interface so we can expand the lung. Without surfactant, the lung is almost not expandable. In humans, it starts to develop in late gestation. Embryonic development starts at 4-7 weeks after conception. It can be said that the lung is developed from the gut. The lung grows by continual branching of a tube, which gives us incredible complexity of the lung. Branching morphogenesis is basically a tube dividing in two, and it"s a very complex procedure in a molecular sense. Primitive trachea branches to form lobes or two branch points.

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