PHL 603 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Immanuel Kant, Seat Belt, Categorical Imperative
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16 Oct 2011
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Descriptive how things are (what is the case) Prescriptive (ethics) how things should be (what ought to be the case) The ought of prudence regard to one"s own interests ( conditional/ ify in nature) Egoism all people are motivated ultimately by only self interest. Altruism action that has no selfish payback. Cultural relativism - moral standards are created by each culture. A person ought to act in accord with their cultures standards. Utilitarianism the good determines the right, greatest good for the greatest number of people. Act always to maximize the good (happiness) and minimize the bad (suffering) Trolley case, do you hit the switch. Objection to utilitarianism: how do we measure happiness/ misury. Deontology emphasis on following moral rules, regardless of consequences. Immanuel kant- categorical imperative standard of rationality from which all moral requirements are derived capacity for free rational (autonomy) agency. Always treat humanity as an end (in itself) and not solely as a means to an end.
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